World development report 2004 : Making services work for poor people

Contents:
Acknowledgments xiii;
Abbreviations and Data Notes xiv;
Foreword xv;
Overview 1;
The problem 2;
The framework of relationships—between clients, providers, and policymakers 6;
What not to do 10;
What can be done? 12;
1 Services can work for poor people but too often they fail 19;
Outcomes are substantially worse for poor people 20;
Affordable access to services is low—especially for poor people 20;
Quality—a range of failures 22;
Making services work to improve outcomes 26;
spotlight on Progresa 30;
2 Governments should make services work 32;
A public responsibility 32;
Growth, though essential, is not enough 35;
More public spending alone is not enough 35;
Technical adjustments without changes in incentives are not enough 40;
Understanding what works and why—to improve services 42;
spotlight on Kerala and Uttar Pradesh 44;
3 The framework for service provision 46;
An analytical framework: actors and accountabilities 47;
Why establishing relationships of accountability is so complex 52;
Successes and failures of the public sector and the market 54;
From principles to instruments 58;
Reforming institutions to improve services for poor people will be difficult 60;
spotlight on Uganda 62;
4 Clients and providers 64;
When will strengthening the client-producer link matter most? 64;
Increasing client power through choice 66;
Increasing consumer power through participation 70;
Client power in eight sizes 74;
spotlight on the Bamako Initiative 76;
5 Citizens and politicians 78;
Citizen voice and political accountability 78;
The politics of providing public services to poor people 81;
Beyond the ballot box: citizen initiatives to increase accountability 85;
Information strategies to strengthen voice 86;
Decentralization to strengthen voice 89;
Citizen voice in eight sizes 90;
spotlight on the Kecamatan Development Program 92;
spotlight on Norway and Estonia 94;
6 Policymakers and providers 95;
Compacts, management, and the “long route” of accountability 95;
Increasing accountability: separating the policymaker from the provider 98;
Limits to accountability 99;
Overcoming the limits 100;
Provider incentives in eight sizes 106;
Scaling up, scaling back, and wising up 108;
spotlight on Cambodia 109;
7 Basic education services 111;
Common problems of service provision 111;
For higher-quality systems, strengthen the relationships of accountability 113;
Citizens and clients, politicians and policymakers: voice 114;
Policymakers and organizational providers: compacts 117;
Organizational and frontline providers: management 124;
Client power 124;
Getting reform going 128;
spotlight on Educo 131;
8 Health and nutrition services 133;
The health of poor people 134;
Market failures and government failures 136;
Strengthening client power 143;
Strengthening poor citizens’ voice 146;
Compacts: provider incentives to serve the poor 149;
Six sizes fit all? 154;
spotlight on Costa Rica and Cuba 157;
9 Drinking water, sanitation, and electricity 159;
The state of water and sanitation services 159;
Infrastructure and the accountability framework for service delivery 160;
Urban water networks 164;
Rural areas: network and non-network systems 171;
Sanitation 173;
Electricity 175;
Moving the reform agenda forward 176;
spotlight on Johannesburg 178;
10 Public sector underpinnings of service reform 180;
Strengthening the foundations of government 180;
Spending wisely 181;
Decentralizing to improve services 185;
Making, managing, and implementing good policies 191;
Curbing corruption in service delivery 195;
Managing transitions: overcoming reform hurdles 198;
Evaluating and learning 199;
spotlight on Ceará 201;
11 Donors and service reform 203;
Aid and accountability 203;
Strengthen—don’t weaken—the compact 204;
Let provider organizations manage 206
Increase client power 208
Promote voice 209
Align aid delivery with service delivery 211
Why reforming aid is so difficult 216;
Bibliographical Note 218;
Endnotes 219;
References 228;
Selected World Development Indicators 2004 249.