The international criminal court : A commentary on the Rome statute

Contents:
Historical Introduction
Versailles to Nuremberg
The International Law Commission Phase
The General Assembly Phase
The Rome Conference
The Preparatory Commission
Entry into force
expandPreamble / Préambule
Preamble / Préambule
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Serious crimes
Victims
Peace and justice
Impunity and deterrence
Duty of States to prosecute
A permanent independent institution
Purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations
Complementarity
International justice
Bibliography
expandPart 1 Establishment of the Court / Institution de la Cour
expandArt.1 The Court / La Cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Establishment of the Court
The ‘Court’
A permanent institution
Bibliography
expandArt.2 Relationship of the Court with the United Nations / Lien de la Cour avec les Nations Unies
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
expandContent of the Relationship Agreement
Preamble
General provisions
Institutional relations
Cooperation and judicial assistance
Final provisions
Bibliography
expandArt.3 Seat of the Court / Siège de la Cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Seat in The Hague and ‘host State’ (art. 3(1))
Headquarters Agreement (art. 3(2))
Sittings of the Court outside The Hague (art. 3(3))
Field offices
Bibliography
expandArt.4 Legal status and powers of the Court / Régime et pouvoirs juridiques de la Cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
International legal personality (art. 4(1))
Legal capacity (art. 4(1))
Exercise of functions and powers (art. 4(2))
Bibliography
expandPart 2 Jurisdiction, Admissibility and Applicable Law / Compétence, Recevabilité et Droit Applicable
expandArt.5 Crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court / Crimes relevant de la compétence de la Cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Crimes within the jurisdiction of the Court
Aggression
Treaty-based crimes
Bibliography
expandArt.6 Genocide / Crime de génocide
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Contextual element
Mental element or mens rea
‘In whole or in part’
Protected groups
‘As such’
expandActs of genocide
Killing members of the group
Causing serious bodily or mental harm
Deliberately inflicting conditions of life
Preventing births
Forcibly transferring children
Individual responsibility and participation
Relationship to crimes against humanity
Bibliography
expandArt.7 Crimes against humanity / Crimes contre l’humanité
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
No requirement of armed conflict
Widespread or systematic
State or organizational policy
Attack directed against any civilian population
Nexus with the attack
Knowledge of the attack
No requirement of discriminatory intent or motive
expandPunishable acts
Murder (art. 7(1)(a))
Extermination (art. 7(1)(b), 7(2)(b))
Enslavement (art. 7(1)(c), 7(2)(c))
Deportation or forcible transfer of population (art. 7(1)(d), 7(2)(d))
Imprisonment (art. 7(1)(e))
Torture (art. 7(1)(f), 7(2)(e))
Rape and other sexual violence (art. 7(1)(g), 7(2)(f))
Persecution (art. 7(1)(h), 7(2)(g))
Enforced disappearance of persons (art. 7(1)(i), 7(2)(i))
Apartheid (art. 7(1)(j), 7(2)(h))
Other inhumane acts (art. 7(1)(k))
Gender (art. 7(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.8 War crimes / Crimes de guerre
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
The threshold
International or non-international armed conflict
Nexus with armed conflict
Knowledge of armed conflict
Protected person
expandPunishable acts
Wilful killing, murder (art. 8(2)(a)(i), 8(2)(c)(i))
Torture (art. 8(2)(a)(ii), 8(2)(c)(i))
Cruel or inhuman treatment (art. 8(2)(a)(iii), 8(2)(c)(i))
Biological, medical and scientific experiments (art. 8(2)(a)(ii), 8(2)(b)(x), 8(2)(e)(xi))
Causing great suffering (8(2)(a)(iii))
Destruction and appropriation of property (art. 8(2)(a)(iv))
Compelling service in hostile forces (art. 8(2)(a)(v), 8(2)(b)(xv))
Denying a fair trial (art. 8(2)(a)(vi), 8(2)(c)(iv))
Unlawful deportation, transfer, and displacement (art. 8(2)(a)(vii), 8(2)(e)(iv))
Unlawful confinement (art. 8(2)(a)(vii))
Taking hostages (art. 8(2)(a)(vii), 8(2)(c)(iii))
Attacking civilians (art. 8(2)(b)(i))
Attacking civilian objects (art. 8(2)(b)(ii))
Attacking humanitarian personnel or objects (art. 8(2)(b)(iii), 8(2)(e)(iii))
Excessive incidental death, injury, or damage (art. 8(2)(b)(iv))
Attacking undefended places (art. 8(2)(b)(v))
Killing or wounding a person hors de combat (art. 8(2)(b)(vi))
Improper use of distinctive signs (art. 8(2)(b)(vii))
Transfer of populations to an occupied territory (art. 8(2)(b)(viii))
Attacking protected objects (art. 8(2)(b)(ix), 8(2)(e)(iv))
Mutilation (art. 8(2)(b)(x), 8(2)(e)(xi))
Killing or wounding treacherously (art. 8(2)(b)(xi), 8(2)(e)(ix))
Denial of quarter (art. 8(2)(b)(xii), 8(2)(e)(x))
Destroying or seizing the enemy’s property (art. 8(2)(b)(xiii), 8(2)(e)(xii))
Deprivation of rights and actions (art. 8(2)(b)(xiv))
Pillage (art. 8(2)(b)(xvi), 8(2)(e)(v))
Prohibited weapons (art. 8(2)(b)(xvii), 8(2)(b)(xviii), 8(2)(b)(xix), 8(2)(b)(xx))
Outrages upon personal dignity (art. 8(2)(b)(xxi), 8(2)(c)(ii))
Rape, sexual assault, and related crimes (art. 8(2)(b)(xxii), 8(2)(e)(vi))
Human shields (art. 8(2)(b)(xxiii))
Attacking objects or persons using the Geneva Convention emblems (art. 8(2)(b)(xxiv))
Starvation (art. 8(2)(b)(xxv))
Child soldiers (art. 8(2)(b)(xxvi), 8(2)(e)(vii))
Violence to life and person (art. 8(2)(c)(i))
Law and order clause (art. 8(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.9 Elements of Crimes / Éléments des crimes
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Drafting of the Elements of Crimes
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Content of the Elements
Relationship of the Elements to the Statute
Amendments to the Elements (art. 9(2))
Bibliography
expandArticle 10
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.11 Jurisdiction ratione temporis / Compétence ratione temporis
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.12 Preconditions to the exercise of jurisdiction / Conditions préalables à l’exercice de la compétence
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Acceptance of jurisdiction by a State Party (art. 12(1))
Territorial and active personality jurisdiction (art. 12(2))
Acceptance of jurisdiction by a non-party State (art. 12(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.13 Exercise of jurisdiction / Exercice de la compétence
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Meaning of a ‘situation’
Referral by the Security Council (art. 13(b))
Practical aspects of referral
Bibliography
expandArt.14 Referral of a situation by a State Party / Renvoi d’une situation par un état partie
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
‘Self-referral’
Withdrawal of a referral
Bibliography
expandArt.15 Prosecutor / Le Procureur
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Information (art. 15(1), (2))
Reasonable basis (art. 15(3))
Authorization by Pre-Trial Chamber (art. 15(3))
Notification to information providers (art. 15(6))
Bibliography
expandArt.16 Deferral of investigation or prosecution / Sursis à enquêter ou à poursuivre
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.17 Issues of admissibility / Questions relatives à la recevabilité
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Complementarity and inactivity
Complementarity and activity
Double jeopardy
Insufficient gravity
Bibliography
expandArt.18 Preliminary rulings regarding admissibility / Décision préliminaire sur la recevabilité
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Notification by Prosecutor (art. 18(1))
Deferral by the Prosecutor (art. 18(2))
Review by the Prosecutor (art. 18(3))
Appeal from Pre-Trial Chamber (art. 18(4))
Provisional measures (art. 18(6))
Further challenge to admissibility (art. 18(7))
Bibliography
expandArt.19 Challenges to the jurisdiction of the Court or the admissibility of a case / Contestation de la compétence de la Cour ou de la recevabilité d’une affaire
Introductory comments
Drafting history
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Establishment of jurisdiction and admissibility by the Court (art. 19(1))
Challenge by a State or by an accused person (art. 19(2), (4), (5), (7), (9))
Prosecutor application for a ruling on jurisdiction or admissibility (art. 19(3))
Jurisdiction of Chambers on challenges (art. 19(6))
Provisional measures (art. 19(8))
Review of inadmissibility (art. 19(10))
Deferral of an investigation by the Prosecutor (art. 19(11))
Bibliography
expandArt.20 Ne bis in idem
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
A second trial before the International Criminal Court (art. 20(1))
Trial before ‘another court’ after trial before the International Criminal Court (art. 20(2))
Trial before the International Criminal Court after trial before ‘another court’ (art. 20(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.21 Applicable law / Droit applicable
Introductory comments
Drafting history
expandAnalysis and interpretation
The Statute, the Elements of Crimes, and the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (art. 21(1)(a))
Applicable treaties and principles and rules of international law (art. 21(1)(b))
Established principles of the international law of armed conflict (art. 21(1)(b))
General principles of law derived from national legal systems (art. 21(1)(c))
Principles and rules of law from previous decisions (art. 21(2))
Internationally recognized human rights (art. 21(3))
Bibliography
expandPart 3 General Principles of Criminal Law / Principes Généraux du Droit Pénal
expandArt.22 Nullum crimen sine lege
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Principle of legality (art. 22(1))
Strict construction (art. 22(2))
Non prejudice to international law (art. 22(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.23 Nulla poena sine lege
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.24 Non-retroactivity ratione personae / Non-rétroactivité ratione personae
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Conduct prior to entry into force (art. 24(1))
Continuing crimes
More favourable provision (art. 24(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.25 Individual criminal responsibility / Responsabilité pénale individuelle
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Individual criminal responsibility (art. 25(1), (2))
Responsibility of corporations
Commission by a principal (art. 25(3)(a))
Accessory or secondary liability (art. 25(3)(b), (c), (d))
Inchoate crimes (art. 25(3)(e), (f))
Responsibility of States (art. 25(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.26 Exclusion of jurisdiction over persons under eighteen / Incompétence à l’égard des personnes de moins de 18 ans
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.27 Irrelevance of official capacity / Défaut de pertinence de la qualité officielle
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Defence of official capacity (art. 27(1))
Head of State immunity (art. 27(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.28 Responsibility of commanders and other superiors / Responsabilité des chefs militaires et autres supérieurs hiérarchiques
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Military or civilian superior
Effective command or authority and control
Causality
Mental element
Duties upon the superior
Bibliography
expandArt.29 Non-applicability of statute of limitations / Imprescriptibilité
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.30 Mental element / Elément psychologique
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
A default rule: ‘unless otherwise provided’ (art. 30(1))
Dolus
Material elements (art. 30(1))
Intent (art. 30(2))
Knowledge (art. 30(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.31 Grounds for excluding criminal responsibility / Motifs d’exonération de la responsabilité pénale
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Insanity (art. 31(1)(a))
Voluntary intoxication (art. 31(1)(b))
Self-defence and defence of property (art. 31(1)(c))
Duress and necessity (art. 31(1)(d))
Determination of defences by the Court (art. 31(2))
Uncodified defences (art. 31(3))
Consent
Alibi
Military necessity
Reprisal
Inherent right of self-defence
Bibliography
expandArt.32 Mistake of fact or mistake of law / Erreur de fait ou erreur de droit
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Mistake of fact
Mistake of law
Bibliography
expandArt.33 Superior orders and prescription of law / Ordre hiérarchique et ordre de la loi
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Elements of the defence of superior orders (art. 33(1))
Inapplicability to genocide and crimes against humanity (art. 33(2))
Bibliography
expandPart 4 Composition and Administration of the Court / Composition et Administration de la Cour
expandArt.34 Organs of the Court / Organes de la Cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.35 Service of judges / Exercice des fonctions des juges
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Full-time members (art. 35(1))
Judges composing the Presidency (art. 35(2))
Determination by Presidency of full-time service (art. 35(3))
Financial arrangements for part-time judges (art. 35(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.36 Qualifications, nomination, and election of judges / Qualifications, candidature et élection des juges
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Number of judges (art. 37(1), (2))
Basic qualifications of judges (art. 37(3)(a), (b), (c))
Election procedure (art. 37(4), (5), (6), (7), (8))
Term of office (art. 37(9), (10))
Bibliography
expandArt.37 Judicial vacancies / Sièges vacants
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Term of service (art. 37(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.38 The Presidency / La Présidence
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Election of President and Vice-Presidents (art. 38(1))
Replacement of President (art. 38(2))
Decision-making by the Presidency
The President
Responsibilities of the Presidency (art. 38(3))
Concurrence of Prosecutor (art. 38(4))
Coordination Council
Advisory Committee on Legal Texts
Bibliography
expandArt.39 Chambers / Les chambres
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Divisions
Chambers
Inherent or implied powers of Chambers
Plenary session of judges
Code of Judicial Ethics
Bibliography
expandArt.40 Independence of the judges / Indépendance des juges
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Judicial independence (art. 40(1))
Incompatible activities (art. 40(2))
Full-time judges (art. 40(3))
Dispute settlement (art. 40(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.41 Excusing and disqualification of judges / Décharge et récusation des juges
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Grounds for excusing and disqualification
Excusing (art. 41(1))
Disqualification (art. 41(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.42 The Office of the Prosecutor / Le bureau du procureur
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Functions of the Office of the Prosecutor (art. 42(1))
Independence of the Office of the Prosecutor (art. 42(1))
Authority of the Prosecutor and Deputy Prosecutors (art. 42(2))
Qualifications (art. 42(3))
Election of the Prosecutor and Deputy Prosecutors (art. 42(4))
Excusal and Disqualification (art. 42(6), (7), (8))
Advisers (art. 42(9))
Bibliography
expandArt.43 The Registry / Le greffe
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Functions of the Registry (art. 43(1))
The Registrar (art. 43(2)–(5))
Regulations of the Registry
Responsibilities in relation to the defence
Legal assistance paid by the Court
Responsibilities with respect to victims and witnesses (art. 43(6))
Bibliography
expandArt.44 Staff / Le personnel
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Staff qualifications (art. 44(2))
Staff Regulations (art. 44(3))
Gratis personnel (art. 44(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.45 Solemn undertaking / Engagement solennel
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.46 Removal from office / Perte de fonctions
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Grounds for removal (art. 46(1))
Procedure for removal (art. 46(2), (3))
Due process rights (art. 46(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.47 Disciplinary measures / Sanctions disciplinaires
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Grounds for disciplinary measures
Procedure for disciplinary measures
Due process rights
Bibliography
expandArt.48 Privileges and immunities / Privilàges et immunités
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Privileges and immunities of the Court (art. 48(1))
Privileges and immunities of officers (art. 48(2))
Staff (art. 48(3))
Counsel, experts, etc. (art. 48(4))
Representatives of States
Waiver of immunities (art. 48(5))
Agreement on the Privileges and Immunities of the International Criminal Court
Bibliography
expandArt.49 Salaries, allowances, and expenses / Traitements, indemnités et remboursement de frais
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Conditions of service and compensation of judges
Conditions of service and compensation of the Prosecutor and Deputy Prosecutors
Conditions of service and compensation of the Registrar and Deputy Registrar
Bibliography
expandArt.50 Official and working languages / Langues officielles et langues de travail
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Official languages (art. 50(1))
Working languages (art. 50(2))
Use of other languages (art. 50(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.51 Rules of Procedure and Evidence / Ràglement de procédure et de preuve
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Adoption of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (art. 51(1))
Amendments to the Rules of Procedure and Evidence (art. 51(2))
Provisional Rules (art. 51(3))
Consistency of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence with the Statute (art. 51(4), (5))
Bibliography
expandArt.52 Regulations of the Court / Ràglement de la cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Adoption of the Regulations of the Court (art. 52(1), (2))
Amendments
Bibliography
expandPart 5 Investigation and Prosecution / Enquête et Poursuites
expandArt.53 Initiation of an investigation / Ouverture d’une enquête
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Initiation of an investigation (art. 53(1))
Sufficient basis for a prosecution (art. 53(2))
Notification of a decision
Review of a decision (art. 53(3))
Reconsideration by the Prosecutor (art. 53(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.54 Duties and powers of the Prosecutor with respect to investigations / Devoirs et pouvoirs du procureur en matière d’enquêtes
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Duties of the Prosecutor (art. 54(1))
Investigations on the territory of a State (art. 54(2))
Powers of the Prosecutor (art. 54(3))
Non-disclosure agreements (art. 54(3)(e))
Measures to ensure confidentiality, protection, and preservation of evidence (art. 54(3)(f))
Bibliography
expandArt.55 Rights of persons during an investigation / Droits des personnes dans le cadre d’une enquête
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Rights in respect of an investigation (art. 55(1))
Rights on being questioned (art. 55(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.56 Role of the Pre-Trial Chamber in relation to a unique investigative opportunity / Rôle de la chambre préliminaire dans le cas où l’occasion d’obtenir des renseignements ne se présentera plus
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Application by the Prosecutor (art. 56(1))
Proprio motu action by the Pre-Trial Chamber (art. 56(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.57 Functions and powers of the Pre-Trial Chamber / Fonctions et pouvoirs de la chambre préliminaire
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Functions of Pre-Trial Chamber (art. 57(1))
Plenary Chamber and a Single Judge (art. 57(2))
Issuance of orders and warrants (art. 57(3)(a), (b))
Protection and privacy (art. 57(3)(c))
Investigative steps in the absence of State cooperation (art. 57(3)(d))
Forfeiture (art. 57(3)(e))
Medical examination
Bibliography
expandArt.58 Issuance by the Pre-Trial Chamber of a warrant of arrest or a summons to appear / Délivrance par la chambre préliminaire d’un mandat d’arrêt ou d’une citation à comparaître
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
‘Reasonable grounds to believe’ (art. 58(1), (7))
Necessity of arrest (art. 58(1))
Contents of application (art. 58(2), (7))
The warrant of arrest (art. 58(3), (4))
Provisional arrest (art. 58(5))
Summons to appear (art. 58(7))
Appeal of decision
Bibliography
expandArt.59 Arrest proceedings in the custodial State / Procédure d’arrestation dans l’état de détention
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Arrest and surrender by a State Party (art. 59(1), (2), (7))
Right to apply for interim release (art. 59(3), (4), (5), (6))
Bibliography
expandArt.60 Initial proceedings before the Court / Procédure initiale devant la cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Appearance before the Pre-Trial Chamber (art. 60(1))
Interim release (art. 60(2))
Periodic review concerning release or detention (art. 60(3))
Detention for unreasonable period (art. 60(4))
Detention in general
Bibliography
expandArt.61 Confirmation of the charges before trial / Confirmation des charges avant le procès
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Presence of person charged at confirmation hearing (art. 61(1), (2))
Document containing the charges (art. 61(3))
Procedure ‘before the hearing’ (art. 61(3), (4))
Proceedings at the confirmation hearing (art. 61(5), (6), (7))
Amendment of charges after hearing (art. 61(8), (9))
Constitution of Trial Chamber by Presidency (art. 61(11))
Bibliography
expandPart 6 The Trial / Le Procès
expandArt.62 Place of trial / Lieu du procès
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.63 Trial in the presence of the accused / Procès en présence de l’accusé
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Disruption of trial (art. 63(2))
Refusal to attend
Fitness to stand trial
Ex parte proceedings
Bibliography
expandArt.64 Functions and powers of the Trial Chamber / Fonctions et pouvoirs de la chambre de première instance
Introductory comments
Drafting history
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Duties of the Trial Chamber generally (art. 64(2))
Duties prior to commencement of trial (art. 64(3))
Reference to Pre-Trial Chamber (art. 64(4))
Joinder or severance of charges (art. 64(5))
Powers of Trial Chamber generally (art. 64(6))
Public trial (art. 64(7))
Commencement of trial and subsequent procedure (art. 64(8)(a))
Admissibility of evidence (art. 64(9)(a))
Maintenance of order (art. 64(9)(b))
Record of trial (art. 64(10))
Amicus curiae participation
Bibliography
expandArt.65 Proceedings on an admission of guilt / Procédure en cas d’aveu de culpabilité
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Determination by the Trial Chamber upon an admission of guilt (art. 65(1))
Procedure following an admission of guilt (art. 65(2), (3), (4))
Discussions between Prosecutor and defence (art. 65(5))
Bibliography
expandArt.66 Presumption of innocence / Présomption d’innocence
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Reasonable doubt
Non-respect by other bodies
Majority or unanimity?
Judicial notice
Evidence of similar conduct
Bibliography
expandArt.67 Rights of the accused / Droits de l’accusé
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Public hearing (art. 67(1))
‘… having regard to the provisions of this Statute …’ (art. 67(1))
‘… a fair hearing conducted impartially …’ (art. 67(1))
‘in full equality’ (art. 67(1))
Information about the charge (art. 67(1)(a))
Adequate time for preparation, communication with counsel (art. 67(1)(b))
Trial without undue delay (art. 67(1)(c))
Presence at trial (art. 67(1)(d))
Self-representation and legal assistance (art. 67(1)(d))
Right to examine witnesses, present defences and evidence (art. 67(1)(e))
Interpreter and translation (art. 67(1)(f))
Right to silence (art. 67(1)(g))
Unsworn statement (art. 67(1)(h))
Burden of proof and onus of rebuttal (art. 67(1)(i))
Disclosure (art. 67(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.68 Protection of the victims and witnesses and their participation in the proceedings / Protection et participation au procès des victimes et des témoins
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Protective measures (art. 68(1), (2), (4))
Participation of victims (art. 68(3))
Disclosure (art. 68(5))
Application by a State for protective measures (art. 68(6))
Bibliography
expandArt.69 Evidence / Preuve
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Undertaking by witness (art. 69(1))
Testimony of a witness (art. 69(2))
Submission of evidence (art. 69(3))
Relevance, admissibility, and prejudicial effect (art. 69(4))
Privileges on confidentiality (art. 69(5))
Judicial notice (art. 69(6))
Exclusionary rule (art. 69(7))
Application of national law (art. 69(8))
Bibliography
expandArt.70 Offences against the administration of justice / Atteintes à l’administration de la justice
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Punishable acts (art. 70(1))
Applicable principles and procedures (art. 70(2))
Investigation and prosecution
Penalty (art. 70(3))
State cooperation (art. 70(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.71 Sanctions for misconduct before the Court / Sanctions en cas d’inconduite à l’audience
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.72 Protection of national security information / Protection de renseignements touchant à la sécurité nationale
Introductory comments
Drafting history
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Scope of application (art. 72(1), (2))
Requirements of confidentiality (art. 72(3))
Objection to disclosure (art. 72(4), (5), (6))
Determination by the Court that the information is relevant and necessary (art. 72(7))
Bibliography
expandArt.73 Third party information or documents / Renseignements ou documents émanant de tiers
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.74 Requirements for the decision / Conditions requises pour la décision
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Presence of judges at trial and during deliberations (art. 74(1))
Deliberations (art. 74(3), (4))
Content of the decision (art. 74(2), (5))
Delivery of decision in open court (art. 74(5))
Bibliography
expandArt.75 Reparations to victims / Réparation en faveur des victimes
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Establishment of principles (art. 75(1))
Court order (art. 75(2))
Procedure (art. 75(3), (4), (5), (6))
Bibliography
expandArt.76 Sentencing / Prononcé de la peine
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Sentencing hearing (art. 76(1), (3))
Procedure in case of guilty plea (art. 76(2))
Delivery of the decision (art. 76(4))
Bibliography
expandPart 7 Penalties / Les Peines
expandArt.77 Applicable penalties / Peines applicables
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Imprisonment (art. 77(1)(a), (b))
Fines (art. 77(2)(a))
Forfeiture
Bibliography
expandArt.78 Determination of the sentence / Fixation de la peine
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Sentencing factors (art. 78(1))
Credit for time served (art. 78(2))
Multiple convictions (art. 78(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.79 Trust Fund / Fonds au profit des victimes
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Beneficiaries of the Trust Fund (art. 79(1))
Source of income (art. 79(2))
Reparations orders and other activities of the Fund
Management and activities of the Trust Fund (art. 79(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.80 Non-prejudice to national application of penalties and national laws / Le Statut, l’application des peines par les états et le droit national
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandPart 8 Appeal and Revision / Appel et Révision
expandArt.81 Appeal against decision of acquittal or conviction or against sentence / Appel d’une décision sur la culpabilité ou la peine
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Grounds for appeal (art. 81(1))
Sentencing appeal (art. 81(2))
Detention during appeal (art. 81(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.82 Appeal against other decisions / Appel d’autres décisions
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Appeal with respect to jurisdiction or admissibility (art. 82(1)(a))
Appeal with respect to interim release (art. 82(1)(b))
Appeal with respect to article 56(3) (art. 82(1)(c))
Appeal with leave (art. 82(1)(d))
Appeal concerning specific investigative steps (art. 82(2))
Suspensive effect (art. 82(3))
Appeal with respect to an order for reparations (art. 82(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.83 Proceedings on appeal / Procédure d’appel
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Functions and powers of the Appeals Chamber (art. 83(1))
Procedure on appeal
Appeal against sentence (art. 83(3))
Delivery and contents of appeals judgment (art. 83(4), (5))
Bibliography
expandArt.84 Revision of conviction or sentence / Révision d’une décision sur la culpabilité ou la peine
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Interest to request revision (art. 84(1))
Grounds for revision (art. 84(1))
Procedure on revision (art. 84(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.85 Compensation to an arrested or convicted person / Indemnisation des personnes arrêtées ou condamnées
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Unlawful arrest or detention (art. 85(1))
Reversal of a conviction (art. 85(2))
Grave and manifest miscarriage of justice (art. 85(3))
Bibliography
expandPart 9 International Cooperation and Judicial Assistance / Coopération Internationale et Assistance Judiciaire
expandArt.86 General obligation to cooperate / Obligation générale de coopérer
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.87 Requests for cooperation: general provisions / Demandes de coopération: dispositions générales
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Procedure for requests for cooperation (art. 87(1))
Language (art. 87(2))
Confidentiality (art. 87(3))
Measures to protect victims and witnesses (art. 87(4))
Non-party States (art. 87(5))
Intergovernmental organizations (art. 87(6))
Failure to comply (art. 87(7))
Bibliography
expandArt.88 Availability of procedures under national law / Procédures disponibles selon la législation nationale
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.89 Surrender of persons to the Court / Remise de certaines personnes à la Cour
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Transmittal of request (art. 89(1))
Admissibility (art. 89(2))
Authorization of transit (art. 89(3))
Prosecution for another crime (art. 89(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.90 Competing requests / Demandes concurrentes
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Requesting State is a State Party (art. 90(2), (3))
Requesting State is a non-party State (art. 90(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.91 Contents of request for arrest and surrender / Contenu de la demande d’arrestation et de remise
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Form of the request (art. 91(1))
Content of the request (art. 91(2), (3))
Consultation with the Court (art. 91(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.92 Provisional arrest / Arrestation provisoire
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Form and content of request (art. 92(2))
Release from custody and consent to surrender (art. 92(3), (4))
Bibliography
expandArt.93 Other forms of cooperation / Autres formes de coopération
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Forms of legal assistance (art. 93(1))
Assurances to a witness or expert (art. 93(2))
Grounds to refuse legal assistance (art. 93(3), (4), (5), (6))
Temporary transfer of a person in custody (art. 93(7))
Confidentiality (art. 93(8))
Competing requests (art. 93(9))
Disputes about the legality of a request for cooperation
Assistance by the Court to a State Party (art. 93(10))
Bibliography
expandArt.94 Postponement of execution of a request in respect of ongoing investigation or prosecution / Sursis à exécution d’une demande à raison d’une enquête ou de poursuites en cours
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.95 Postponement of execution of a request in respect of an admissibility challenge / Sursis à exécution d’une demande en raison d’une exception d’irrecevabilité
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.96 Contents of request for other forms of assistance under article 93 / Contenu d’une demande portant sur d’autres formes de coopération visées à l’article 93
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.97 Consultations
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.98 Cooperation with respect to waiver of immunity and consent to surrender / Coopération en relation avec la renonciation à l’immunité et le consentement à la remise
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
State or diplomatic immunity (art. 98(1))
Obligations under international agreements (art. 98(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.99 Execution of requests under articles 93 and 96 / Exécution des demandes présentées au titre des articles 93 et 96
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Requests for assistance (art. 99(1), (2), (3))
Direct execution by the Prosecutor (art. 99(4))
National security (art. 99(5))
Bibliography
expandArt.100 Costs / Dépenses
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.101 Rule of speciality / Règle de la spécialité
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Speciality (art. 101(1))
Re-extradition
Waiver (art. 101(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.102 Use of terms / Emploi des termes
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandPart 10 Enforcement / Exécution
expandArt.103 Role of States in enforcement of sentences of imprisonment/Rôle des États dans l’exécution des peines d’emprisonnement
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Designation of the State of enforcement (art. 103(1))
Conditions imposed by the State of enforcement (art. 103(1)(b))
Notification (art. 103(2))
Considerations in designating the State of enforcement (art. 103(3))
Imprisonment in the host State (art. 103(4))
Procedure for transfer of the sentenced person
Bibliography
expandArt.104 Change in designation of State of enforcement / Modification de la désignation de l’état chargé de l’exécution
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.105 Enforcement of the sentence / Exécution de la peine
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Binding nature of sentence (art. 105(1))
Application for appeal and revision (art. 105(2))
Bibliography
expandArt.106 Supervision of enforcement of sentences and conditions of imprisonment / Contrôle de l’exécution de la peine et conditions de détention
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Supervision of sentence by the Court (art. 106(1))
Conditions of imprisonment (art. 106(2))
Communications by a sentenced person (art. 106(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.107 Transfer of the person upon completion of sentence / Transfèrement du condamné qui a accompli sa peine
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Transfer to another State (art. 107(1))
Costs of transfer (art. 107(2))
Extradition or surrender (art. 107(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.108 Limitation on the prosecution or punishment of other offences / Limites en matière de poursuites ou de condamnations pour d’autres infractions
Introductory comments
Drafting history
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Views of the sentenced person (art. 108(2))
End of protection (art. 108(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.109 Enforcement of fines and forfeiture measures / Exécution des peines d’amende et des mesures de confiscation
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Obligation to give effect to orders (art. 109(1))
Inability to give effect to orders (art. 109(2))
Forfeiture to the Court (art. 109(3))
Bibliography
expandArt.110 Review by the Court concerning reduction of sentence / Examen par la Cour de la question d’une réduction de peine
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
No release before expiry of sentence (art. 110(1))
Review hearing (art. 110(2))
Factors for reduction of sentence (art. 110(4))
Bibliography
expandArt.111 Escape / Évasion
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
State-to-State surrender
Surrender under the auspices of the Court
State of return
Calculation of sentence
Bibliography
expandPart 11 Assembly of States Parties / Assemblée Des États Parties
expandArt.112 Assembly of States Parties / Assemblée des États Parties
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Membership in the Assembly of States Parties (art. 112(1))
Observer States (art. 112(1))
Observers and other participants
The United Nations
expandFunctions of the Assembly of States Parties (art. 112(2))
Recommendations of the Preparatory Commission (art. 112(2)(a))
Management oversight (art. 112(2)(b))
Reports and activities of the Bureau (art. 112(2)(c))
Budget (art. 112(2)(d))
Number of judges (art. 112(2)(e))
Non-cooperation (art. 112(2)(f))
Any other function (art. 112(2)(g))
Other duties established by the Rome Statute
Bureau (art. 112(3))
Secretariat
Subsidiary bodies (art. 112(4))
Independent oversight mechanism (art. 112(4))
Participation of Court officers (art. 112(5))
Periodic sessions of the Assembly of States Parties (art. 112(6))
Decisions (art. 112(7))
Loss of vote (art. 112(8))
Rules of Procedure (art. 112(9))
Languages (art. 112(10))
Bibliography
expandPart 12 Financing / Financement
expandArt.113 Financial Regulations / Règlement financier et règles de gestion financière
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.114 Payment of expenses / Règlement des dépenses
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.115 Funds of the Court and of the Assembly of States Parties / Ressources financières de la cour et de l’assemblée des états parties
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Budget
Assessed contributions (art. 115(a))
Funds provided by the United Nations (art. 115(b))
Other sources of funds
Bibliography
expandArt.116 Voluntary contributions / Contributions volontaires
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.117 Assessment of contributions / Calcul des contributions
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Agreed scale of assessment
Scale adopted by the United Nations for its regular budget
Bibliography
expandArt.118 Annual audit / Vérification annuelle des comptes
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandPart 13 Final Clauses / Clauses Finales
expandArt.119 Settlement of disputes / Règlement des différends
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Decision of the Court (art. 119(1))
Referral to the Assembly of States Parties (art. 119(2))
Advisory Opinions of the International Court of Justice
Bibliography
expandArt.120 Reservations / Réserves
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Declarations
Declarations tantamount to reservations
Territorial reservations
Bibliography
expandArt.121 Amendments / Amendements
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Procedure for adoption of amendments (art. 121(1), (2))
Entry into force (art. 121(4), (5))
Withdrawal from the Statute (art. 121(6))
Circulation of amendment (art. 121(7))
Bibliography
expandArt.122 Amendments to provisions of an institutional nature / Amendements aux dispositions de caractère institutionnel
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.123 Review of the Statute / Révision du statut
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.124 Transitional provision / Disposition transitoire
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
Analysis and interpretation
Bibliography
expandArt.125 Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval, or accession / Signature, ratification, acceptation, approbation ou adhésion
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Signature (art. 125(1))
Ratification, acceptance, or approval (art. 125(2))
Accession (art. 125(3))
Succession
Universal participation
Bibliography
expandArt.126 Entry into force / Entrée en vigueur
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Entry into force of the Statute (art. 126(1))
Entry into force for a State Party (art. 126(2))
Provisional entry into force
Termination
Bibliography
expandArt.127 Withdrawal / Retrait
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Notification of withdrawal
Consequences of withdrawal
Withdrawal pursuant to amendment of the Statute
Bibliography
expandArt.128 Authentic texts / Textes faisant foi
Introductory comments
Drafting of the provision
expandAnalysis and interpretation
Official language versions
Role of the depositary
Bibliography
expandFurther Material
Index
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Table of Contents
From: The International Criminal Court: A Commentary on the Rome Statute (1st Edition)
William A. Schabas
Next Edition: 2nd Edition Latest edition (2 ed.)
Content type:Book content
Series:Oxford Commentaries on International Law
ISBN:9780199560738
Product:Oxford Scholarly Authorities on International Law [OSAIL]
Published in print:11 March 2010
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