Smoking and health; Biomonitoring and biomarkers; Biomarkers of pyridine alkaloids : nicotine and cotinine; Biomarkers of tobacco specific nitrosamines; Biomarkers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Biomarkers of volatile organic compounds; Aromatic amines; Biomarkers of catechol & hydroquinone; Biomarkers of HCN, CO, and NOx exposure; Biomarkers of heavy metals exposure; Application of smoke exposure biomarker in epidemiologic research; Suggestions for the use of specific; biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke for regulation purposes.