The world health report 1999 : Making a difference
- Delhi Bookwell 1999
- 122p xvii
CONTENTS MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR-GENERAL vii Progress and Challenges viii A Corporate Strategy for WHO xi Improving health outcomes xi Supporting health sector development xiv A more strategic approach to our work in and with countries xv Forging more influential partnerships xvii Repositioning WHO for the 21st Century xviii PART ONE MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN PEOPLE’S LIVES : ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES xxi CHAPTER 1: HEALTH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE 20TH CENTURY 1 The 20th Century Revolution in Human Health 1 The precipitous decline in mortality 2 Demographic transition 3 Sources of mortality decline 5 Health and Economic Productivity 7 Macroeconomic evidence 8 Microeconomic analysis 9 Pathways of influence 10 CHAPTER 2: THE DOUBLE BURDEN: EMERGING EPIDEMICS AND PERSISTENT PROBLEMS 13 Emerging Epidemics of Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries 14 Noncommunicable diseases 15 Injuries 17 Persistent Problems of Infectious Diseases and Maternal and Child Disability and Mortality 19 The unfinished agenda 20 The persisting and evolving challenges 21 The Avoidable Burden of Disease 22 PART TWO MAKING A DIFFERENCE IN THE 21ST CENTURY 29 CHAPTER 3: MEETING THE CHALLENGES: HEALTH SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 31 Achieving Greater Efficiency 33 Setting priorities 35 Re-thinking incentives to providers 36 Renewing Progress towards Universal Coverage 37 Risk sharing 38 Health care coverage 39 Policy choices 40 New universalism 43 Providing for the Future: the Role of Research and Development 43 CHAPTER 4: ROLLING BACK MALARIA 49 The Challenge of Malaria 49 The health burden 49 The economic burden 51 The diverse and changing nature of the disease 51 Malaria Control: Past, Present and Future 53 Control strategies, 1950–1990s 53 Current technology for effective interventions 55 Future control strategies and research needs 58 A Global Programme to Roll Back Malaria 61 CHAPTER 5: COMBATING THE TOBACCO EPIDEMIC 65 The Health and Economic Costs of Tobacco Use 65 Health consequences of tobacco 66 The economic costs 68 Obstacles to Tobacco Control 69 Lack of information on risks 69 Tobacco use is an addiction 69 Tobacco dealers make enormous profits 70 Principles of Control 72 Creating a “fair information” environment 72 Using taxes and regulations to reduce consumption 73 Encouraging cessation of tobacco use 74 Building tobacco control coalitions, defusing opposition to control measures 74 Tobacco Control: what some countries have achieved 75 WHO’s Tobacco Free Initiative 76 CHAPTER 6: MAKING A DIFFERENCE 81 PART THREE STATISTICAL ANNEX 85 Explanatory notes 86 Annex Tables; Index