Contents
PREFACE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
CONTEXTS: LAND ON A RIM, BHUTAN AND THE BHUTANESE, AUTHENTICITY AND HISTORICAL TRUTH, UNBECOMIGN CITIZENS
MATTERS OF HISTORY
THE HISTORY OF UMBHO, NEPALI MIGRATION: THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT, SINCE THE TIME OF THE SHABDRUNG, PRIESTS, AND PATRONS, TO PROTECT THE LAND OF BHARMADEVA
SOUTHERN BHUTAN IN EARLY BRITISH ACCOUNTS
EARLY ENCOUNTERS, A NARROW SLIP OF LAND, BHUTAN AND THE YOUNGHUSBAND MISSION, FIRST SIGHTINGS
THE LEGEND OF GARJAMAN GURUNG
PONLOPS AND THEKADARS, D.B. GURUNG S MEMOIR, USING THE LEGEND, QUESTIONS OF HISTORICITY
THE SETTLEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF THE SOUTH
A CHRONOLOGY OF NEPALI SETTLEMENT, THE ETHNIC BOUNDARY, THE ADMINSTRAION OF SOUTHERN BHUTAN, THE PARO PONLOP AND THE DORJES, THE MANDALS, LAND OWNERSHIP AND REGISTRATION, 5.7 THE PAYMENT OF TAXES, 5.8 REVENUE FROM BELOW, 5.9 THE CONTRIBUTION OF LABOUR
THE CHANGING BASES OF SUBJECTHOOD
CALKLING THE RAIYATS BACK HOME, THE CASE OF AKHAL SINGH
LHOTSHAMPA CULTURE
BH
UTANESE NEPALINESS, CASTE AND ETHNICITY, ASSUMED CHARACTERISTICS, ASCRIBED CHARACTERISTICS, THE ABSENCE OF NEPALI LITERATURE, OF PANDITS AND PATHSHALAS
THE FIRST ACTIVISTS
JAI GORKHA, THE DEATH OF MASUR CHETRI, THE BHUTAN STATE CONGRESS
COMING CLOSER TO THE KING
COMING DOWN FROM TONGA, POLITICAL REPRESENTATION, THE GRANTING OF CITIZENSHIP, OPENING THE SCHOOLS, BUILDING THE ROADS, MOVING EAST, A SENSE OF BELONGING
THE CONDITIONS FOR BELONGING
LEGISLATION ON CITIZENSHIP, CENSUES, THE 1988 CENSUS
11. BECOMING THE SAME
A HOMOGENIZING NATIONALISM, DRIGLAM NAMZHA, A NATIONAL COSTUME, ENFORCING CULTURE, ANXIETIES AND DISSENT, A NATIONAL LANGUAGE, DEMOTING NEPALI, BHUTANIZING BUILDINGS
NOW WE WILL ALL BE CIRMINALS
NEPALI POLITICS IN INDIA, THE PETITION TO THE KING, EARLY LHOTSHAMPA DISSIDENCE, ARRESTS AND REPRISALS, DEMONSTRATIONS
THE NGOLOPS
THE CREATION OF THE NGOLOP, BECOMING AFRAID, THE CLOSURE OF SCHOOLS, VOLUNTARY EMIGRANTS, THE PUNISHMENT OF TEK NATH RIZAL
DIL MAYA: FRAGM
EN
TS OF A LIFE
REFUGEES AND LIFE HISTORIES, INTRODUCING DIL MAYA , DIL MAYA S LIFE, THE SPREAD OF FEAR, LEAVING BHUTAN, THE FUTURE, REFUGEES FROM SHANGRI-LA, A POSTSCRIPT, THE GAPS BETWEEN NATION-STATES, THE CONSTRUCTION OF NATIONAL CULTURES, A SMALL STATE, A SHANGRI-LA, REPAIRING THE TEAR IN THE FABRIC, SOME LEGAL PERSPECTIVES, THE BRAHMANS OF SHAMBHALA
APPENDIX
BIBLIOGRAPHY.