Library Catalogue
Interplay between Patents, Standards and Competition
Mr. Murthy S K
Interplay between Patents, Standards and Competition - Bangalore NLSIU 2016 - 334p
Table of Contents
List of Cases;
List of Abbreviations;
Chapter-l: INTRODUCTION;
1.0. Introduction;
1.1. A frame work;
1.1 .1. Inter-relation between Patent and Competition Act;
1.1.2. Inter-relation of Patent and Competition Act with Standards;
l.2.Background of the Study
1.2.1 Standard Settings Organizations (SSOs);
(i). Objectives and Benefits of Standardization;
(ii). Evolution of Standardization in ICT;
(iii). Forms of Standards;
a. Formal/Dejure standards;
b. Ad-hoc Standards;
c. De-facto Proprietary standards;
(iv). Standard Setting Process;
(v). Participants in a Standards-Setting Organization (SSO);
1.2.2. Strategic Battles in SSOs;
1.2.3.lssues at the Interface of Patents and Competition in SSOs;
(i). The Problem of Patent Hold-up;
(ii). The Emerging FRAND Challenges in India;
(iii). FRAND Abuses - a Worldwide Perspective;
(iv). Refusal to License Essential lP on FRAND Terms;
(v). Royalty Gouging;
(vi). Imposing Other Unreasonable Terms;
(vii). Basis for Charging Royalties;
(viii). Threat of Using SEPs to seek Injunctions;
(ix). Royalty Stacking;
1.3. Statement of Problems;
1.4. Objectives of the study;
1.5. Research Questions;
1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study;
1 .7. Research Methodology;
1.7.1. Sources of Data;
1.8. Chapterization;
1.9. Conclusion;
Chapter 2: INTERNATIONAL SSOs AND THEIR PATENT POLICIES;
2.0. Introduction
2.1. International SSOs in ICT Sector;
(i) Early Standards Organization;
(ii) International SSOs - A History;
2.2. SDO - lTU, lSO, & IEC;
2.2.1. Legal basis for setting-up of
(i) rru;
(ii) rso;
(iii) rEc;
2.2.2. Decision Making;
(i). Approach;
(ii). Member Representation and voting powers;
(iii). Binding nature of the decisions;
2.3. Regional SSOs - NSBs, IEEE, ETSI, ANSI, IETF, OASIS, VITA, W3C,HDMI, and NFC;
2.2.1. Legal basis for setting-up of NSBs, IEEE, ETSI, ANSI, IETF, OASIS, VITA, W3C, HDMI, and NFC;
2.2.2. Decision Making;
(i) Approach;
(ii) Member Representation and voting powers;
(iii) Binding nature of the decisions;
2.4. Comparative Analysis of Patent policies of Regional SSOs;
2.4.1: Binding Nature, Compliance, and Enforcement;
2.5. Conclusions;
Chapter-3: SSOs lN INDIA AND THEIR PATENT POLICIES;
3.0. Introduction;
3.1. Legal Frame work for Setting-up of SSOs in India;
3.3. National Standards Body;
3.3.1: Bureau of Indian Standards (BlS);
(a) Introduction;
(b) ICT Related Division Councils;
(c). Electro-Technical Division Council IETDC];
(d).Electronics and Information Technology Division Council [LITD];
(e). Information and Communication Technologies (LITD 13);
(f). Process of setting Standards in BIS;
(g) IPR Policy for standards formulated by BIS;
3.3.2: Telecommunication Engineering Center (TEC);
(a). Introduction;
(b). Scope of the Document;
(c). Process of setting Standards in TEC;
(d). IPR Policy for standards formulated by TEC;
(d). Reference to Standards in Licensing agreements.;
3.3.3: Global ICT Standardization Forum For India (GllSFl);
(a). Introduction;
(b). IPR Policy for standards formulated by GISFI;
(i) Policy Objectives;
(ii) Disclosure Policy;
(iii) Availability of Licenses;
(iv) Non-Availability of Licenses - Prior and After publication;
3.3.4: Development Organization of Standards for Telecommunications In India (DOSTI);
(a). Introduction;
(b). IPR Policy for standards formulated by GISFI;
(i) Policy Objectives;
(ii) Disclosure Policy;
(iii) Availability of Licenses;
(iv) Non-Availability of Licenses - Prior and After publication;
(v) DOSTI's Ownership of lPRs;
3.3.5. Telecom Standards Development of India (TSDSI);
(a). Introduction;
(b). IPR Policy for standards formulated by GISFI;
(i) Policy Objectives;
(ii) Disclosure Policy;
(iii) Availability of Licenses;
(iv) Non-Availability of Licenses - Prior and After publication;
(v) TSDSI's Ownership of lPRs;
3.4. Role of Indian SSOs in International Standards;
3.4.1. Role of BIS in international Standards;
3.4.2. Role of GISFI in International Standards;
3.4.3. Role of TSDSI in International Standards;
3.5. India's Policy on Open Standards and e-governance;
3.6: Intellectual Property Rights (lPRs), Competition Law, and Standards.;
3.7 : Essential Information Linkages;
3.7.1. Introduction;
3.7.2.Information sharing between SSOs and Patent offices and its benefits;
3.8. Conclusion;
Chapter 4: STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENTS (SEPs);
4.0. Introduction;
4.1. Nature of Conventional Patents;
4.2. Characteristics of SEPs;
4.3. Nature of SEPs;
4.4. SEPs and Competition;
4.5. Conclusion;
Chapter 5: DISCLOSURE POLICY OF SSOs;
5.0. Introduction;
5.1. Impact of Disclosure Policy;
5.1.1. Impact of timing of Disclosure on;
(i) SSOs and Adaptation of Standards;
(ii) SEP holders (SEP licensors);
(iii) SEP implementers (SEP licensees);
5.1 .2. impact of level of Disclosure on;
(i) SSOs and Adaptation of Standards;
(ii) SEP holders (SEP licensors);
(iii) SEP implementers (SEP licensees);
5.2. New Paradigms in Disclosure;
5.3. Conclusion;
Chapter 6: SEP LICENSING AND REASONABLE ROYALTIES;
6.0. Introduction;
6.1. SEP Licensing Practices - Critical Analysis.;
6.1.1. Level of Licensing and Pertinent issues;
6.1.2. Current Approaches to Determination of Reasonable Royalties;
6.1.3. Analysis of Current Approaches to Determination of Reasonable Royalties;
(i) Determining royalty as a percentage of the sale price of the system/component.;
(ii) Claims drafting and Reasonable royalties.
(iii) Patent exhaustion and Reasonable Royalties:
6.2. Appropriate Basis for Determining Reasonable Royalty;
(i) Smallest Saleable Patent Practicing Unit (SSPPU);
(ii) Ex-ante;
(iii) Royalty stacking,;
6.3. Conclusion;
Chapter 7: SEP LICENSING AND INJUNCTIONS;
7.0. Introduction;
7.1. Patent Rigorous (PR) Products and Non-Patent Intensive (NPl) Products;
7.1.1. Nature of PR and NPI products
7.2. Injunctions and Statutes;
7.2.'1. Grounds for granting Injunctions in India;
(i) Prima facie case;
(ii) Balance of Convenience and irreparable Harm;
7.3. injunctions and Patents;
7.3.1. The Prior Standard for Injunctions in Patent Cases;
(i) Preliminary injunctions;
(ii) Permanent Injunctions;
7.3.2. Injunctions, Standard Essential Patents, and FRAND;
7.3.3. Threat of using SEPs to seek Injunctions;
7.4: A Probe into SEP Cases in lndia;
7.5: SEP Holder's Rights to Seek Injunctions;
7.6. Conclusion;
Chapter 8: SEP LICENSING AND COMPETITION ;
8.0. Introduction;
8.1. Reciprocity, Grant-backs, Bundling SEPs and Non-SEPs, and Cross licenses;
8.2. Essentiality and Validity of SEPs;
8.3. Patent Pools;
8.4. A new FRAND frame-work;
8.5. Conclusion;
Chapter 9: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS;
Annexure -1;
Annexure -2;
Bibliography;
List of Books;
List of Articles;
List of Other Materials.
Patent and Competition Act Standard Essential Patents Standards-Setting Organization - Patent Policies - India
Interplay between Patents, Standards and Competition - Bangalore NLSIU 2016 - 334p
Table of Contents
List of Cases;
List of Abbreviations;
Chapter-l: INTRODUCTION;
1.0. Introduction;
1.1. A frame work;
1.1 .1. Inter-relation between Patent and Competition Act;
1.1.2. Inter-relation of Patent and Competition Act with Standards;
l.2.Background of the Study
1.2.1 Standard Settings Organizations (SSOs);
(i). Objectives and Benefits of Standardization;
(ii). Evolution of Standardization in ICT;
(iii). Forms of Standards;
a. Formal/Dejure standards;
b. Ad-hoc Standards;
c. De-facto Proprietary standards;
(iv). Standard Setting Process;
(v). Participants in a Standards-Setting Organization (SSO);
1.2.2. Strategic Battles in SSOs;
1.2.3.lssues at the Interface of Patents and Competition in SSOs;
(i). The Problem of Patent Hold-up;
(ii). The Emerging FRAND Challenges in India;
(iii). FRAND Abuses - a Worldwide Perspective;
(iv). Refusal to License Essential lP on FRAND Terms;
(v). Royalty Gouging;
(vi). Imposing Other Unreasonable Terms;
(vii). Basis for Charging Royalties;
(viii). Threat of Using SEPs to seek Injunctions;
(ix). Royalty Stacking;
1.3. Statement of Problems;
1.4. Objectives of the study;
1.5. Research Questions;
1.6. Scope and Limitations of the Study;
1 .7. Research Methodology;
1.7.1. Sources of Data;
1.8. Chapterization;
1.9. Conclusion;
Chapter 2: INTERNATIONAL SSOs AND THEIR PATENT POLICIES;
2.0. Introduction
2.1. International SSOs in ICT Sector;
(i) Early Standards Organization;
(ii) International SSOs - A History;
2.2. SDO - lTU, lSO, & IEC;
2.2.1. Legal basis for setting-up of
(i) rru;
(ii) rso;
(iii) rEc;
2.2.2. Decision Making;
(i). Approach;
(ii). Member Representation and voting powers;
(iii). Binding nature of the decisions;
2.3. Regional SSOs - NSBs, IEEE, ETSI, ANSI, IETF, OASIS, VITA, W3C,HDMI, and NFC;
2.2.1. Legal basis for setting-up of NSBs, IEEE, ETSI, ANSI, IETF, OASIS, VITA, W3C, HDMI, and NFC;
2.2.2. Decision Making;
(i) Approach;
(ii) Member Representation and voting powers;
(iii) Binding nature of the decisions;
2.4. Comparative Analysis of Patent policies of Regional SSOs;
2.4.1: Binding Nature, Compliance, and Enforcement;
2.5. Conclusions;
Chapter-3: SSOs lN INDIA AND THEIR PATENT POLICIES;
3.0. Introduction;
3.1. Legal Frame work for Setting-up of SSOs in India;
3.3. National Standards Body;
3.3.1: Bureau of Indian Standards (BlS);
(a) Introduction;
(b) ICT Related Division Councils;
(c). Electro-Technical Division Council IETDC];
(d).Electronics and Information Technology Division Council [LITD];
(e). Information and Communication Technologies (LITD 13);
(f). Process of setting Standards in BIS;
(g) IPR Policy for standards formulated by BIS;
3.3.2: Telecommunication Engineering Center (TEC);
(a). Introduction;
(b). Scope of the Document;
(c). Process of setting Standards in TEC;
(d). IPR Policy for standards formulated by TEC;
(d). Reference to Standards in Licensing agreements.;
3.3.3: Global ICT Standardization Forum For India (GllSFl);
(a). Introduction;
(b). IPR Policy for standards formulated by GISFI;
(i) Policy Objectives;
(ii) Disclosure Policy;
(iii) Availability of Licenses;
(iv) Non-Availability of Licenses - Prior and After publication;
3.3.4: Development Organization of Standards for Telecommunications In India (DOSTI);
(a). Introduction;
(b). IPR Policy for standards formulated by GISFI;
(i) Policy Objectives;
(ii) Disclosure Policy;
(iii) Availability of Licenses;
(iv) Non-Availability of Licenses - Prior and After publication;
(v) DOSTI's Ownership of lPRs;
3.3.5. Telecom Standards Development of India (TSDSI);
(a). Introduction;
(b). IPR Policy for standards formulated by GISFI;
(i) Policy Objectives;
(ii) Disclosure Policy;
(iii) Availability of Licenses;
(iv) Non-Availability of Licenses - Prior and After publication;
(v) TSDSI's Ownership of lPRs;
3.4. Role of Indian SSOs in International Standards;
3.4.1. Role of BIS in international Standards;
3.4.2. Role of GISFI in International Standards;
3.4.3. Role of TSDSI in International Standards;
3.5. India's Policy on Open Standards and e-governance;
3.6: Intellectual Property Rights (lPRs), Competition Law, and Standards.;
3.7 : Essential Information Linkages;
3.7.1. Introduction;
3.7.2.Information sharing between SSOs and Patent offices and its benefits;
3.8. Conclusion;
Chapter 4: STANDARD ESSENTIAL PATENTS (SEPs);
4.0. Introduction;
4.1. Nature of Conventional Patents;
4.2. Characteristics of SEPs;
4.3. Nature of SEPs;
4.4. SEPs and Competition;
4.5. Conclusion;
Chapter 5: DISCLOSURE POLICY OF SSOs;
5.0. Introduction;
5.1. Impact of Disclosure Policy;
5.1.1. Impact of timing of Disclosure on;
(i) SSOs and Adaptation of Standards;
(ii) SEP holders (SEP licensors);
(iii) SEP implementers (SEP licensees);
5.1 .2. impact of level of Disclosure on;
(i) SSOs and Adaptation of Standards;
(ii) SEP holders (SEP licensors);
(iii) SEP implementers (SEP licensees);
5.2. New Paradigms in Disclosure;
5.3. Conclusion;
Chapter 6: SEP LICENSING AND REASONABLE ROYALTIES;
6.0. Introduction;
6.1. SEP Licensing Practices - Critical Analysis.;
6.1.1. Level of Licensing and Pertinent issues;
6.1.2. Current Approaches to Determination of Reasonable Royalties;
6.1.3. Analysis of Current Approaches to Determination of Reasonable Royalties;
(i) Determining royalty as a percentage of the sale price of the system/component.;
(ii) Claims drafting and Reasonable royalties.
(iii) Patent exhaustion and Reasonable Royalties:
6.2. Appropriate Basis for Determining Reasonable Royalty;
(i) Smallest Saleable Patent Practicing Unit (SSPPU);
(ii) Ex-ante;
(iii) Royalty stacking,;
6.3. Conclusion;
Chapter 7: SEP LICENSING AND INJUNCTIONS;
7.0. Introduction;
7.1. Patent Rigorous (PR) Products and Non-Patent Intensive (NPl) Products;
7.1.1. Nature of PR and NPI products
7.2. Injunctions and Statutes;
7.2.'1. Grounds for granting Injunctions in India;
(i) Prima facie case;
(ii) Balance of Convenience and irreparable Harm;
7.3. injunctions and Patents;
7.3.1. The Prior Standard for Injunctions in Patent Cases;
(i) Preliminary injunctions;
(ii) Permanent Injunctions;
7.3.2. Injunctions, Standard Essential Patents, and FRAND;
7.3.3. Threat of using SEPs to seek Injunctions;
7.4: A Probe into SEP Cases in lndia;
7.5: SEP Holder's Rights to Seek Injunctions;
7.6. Conclusion;
Chapter 8: SEP LICENSING AND COMPETITION ;
8.0. Introduction;
8.1. Reciprocity, Grant-backs, Bundling SEPs and Non-SEPs, and Cross licenses;
8.2. Essentiality and Validity of SEPs;
8.3. Patent Pools;
8.4. A new FRAND frame-work;
8.5. Conclusion;
Chapter 9: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS;
Annexure -1;
Annexure -2;
Bibliography;
List of Books;
List of Articles;
List of Other Materials.
Patent and Competition Act Standard Essential Patents Standards-Setting Organization - Patent Policies - India