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Hinduism : Past and present

Michaels Axel

Hinduism : Past and present - Oxford Princeton University Press 2003 - 429p xvii

Contents: List of Illustrations ix; List of Tables Xl; Preface Xlll; Pronunciation of Indian Words XVll; THEORETICAL AND HISTORICAL; FOUNDATIONS; 1. Theoretical Foundations 3; Is India Different? 3; The Identificatory Habitus 5; What Is Hinduism? 12; Hinduism and Hindu-ness 13; Religion and Dharma 15; Hindu Religions and Hindu Religiosity 21; Great and Little Hinduism 25; Continuity and Change 27; 2. Historical Foundations 31; Epochs in the History of Religions 31; First Epoch: Prevedic Religions 31; Second Epoch: Vedic Religion 33; Third Epoch: Ascetic Reformism 36; Fourth Epoch: Classical Hinduism 38; Fifth Epoch: Sects of Hinduism 43; Sixth Epoch: Modern Hinduism 45; Religious Literature 47; Vedic Literature 50; The Literature of the Ascetic Reformism 57; The Literature of Classical Hinduism 58; The Literatures of the Hindu Sects 62; Literatures of Modern Hinduism 66; RELIGION AND SOCIETY; 3. Stages of Life and Rites of Passage 71; Initiation 71; The Salvational Goal of Initiation 72; The Second Birth 77; Pre-Rites 77; Tonsure 85; Natural Birth, Ritual Birth, New Birth 88; The Sacred Thread 92; Consecration of the Ascetic, Consecration of the Student, Consecration of the Man 94; Childhood and Socialization 99; The Early Years 102; Parentage and the "Oceanic Feeling" 104; Sacred Fatherhood 108; Wedding and Matrimony 111; The Wedding 113; If' The Daughter as Gift 115; Kinship, Alliance, and Descent 120; The Situation of the Woman 124; Death and Life after Death 131; The Brahmanic Ritual of Dying and Death 132; Ancestor Worship 144; Widow-Burning and Religiously Motivated Suicide 149; The Ban on Killing and Ahirpsa 153; Karma and Rebirth 154; Mortality and Immortality 157; 4. The Social System 159; Social Stratification 159; The Caste Society 160; Segmentation 165; Social Contacts 175; Greeting 176; Touching 178; Eating 180; Purity and Impurity 184; Religious and Social Hierarchy 187; Priests and the Supremacy of the Brahmans 188; Religious and Economic Centrality 194; Hierarchies of the Gift 197; 5. Religiosity 201; The Idea of God and the Pantheon 201; Equitheism and Homotheism 202; Visnu, Krsna, and the Centrality of the Gods 211; Siva in the Great and Little Traditions 215; Ganesa and the Miracle 221; Wild and Mild Goddesses 223; Elements of Religiosity 226; Prayer 227; Looks 230; Ritual Acts 233; Ritualism 235; The Brahmanic-Sanskritic Morning Ritual 236; Divine Worship (puja) 241; Sacrifice 246; Devotionalism and Theistic Traditions 252; Bhakti Movements 252; The Grace of the Gods 255; Spiritualism and Mysticism 259; The Identification Doctrine of the Upani~ads 259; The Psycho-Physical Identifications of Sarpkhya and Yoga 264; Sarpkara's Doctrine of Nonduality 269; Special Features of Indian Mysticism 270; Heroism and Kingship 272; Akharas: Religious Centers of Strength 273; Power and Authority of the King 276; King and Ascetic 279; FROM DESCENT TO TRANSCENDENCE; 6. Religious Ideas of Space and Time 283; Religious Awareness of Space 284; Spaces and Directions as Sacred Powers 284; Pilgrimage Sites and Their Hierarchy 288; Astrology and the Cosmic Place of Man 291; Religious and Scientific Concepts of Space 292; Religious Awareness of Time 295; Ancient Indian Cosmogonies 296; Creation in Classical Mythology 298; The Doctrine of the Ages of the World 300; Cyclical and Linear Time: The Calendar 304; Unity of Space and Time: Festivals 310; Religious and Scientific Ideas of Time 313; 7. Immortality in Life 315; Asceticism: Life in Transcendence 315; Ascetic Practice and Sects 316; Asceticism and Sacrifice 322; The Salvation of Identifications 325; The Socioreligious Function of Norms of Purity 326; Descent and Autonomy 329; The Logic of the Identifications 332; The "Theology" of the Hindu Religions: Identity of God and Man 340; Notes 345; Glossary 375; References 381; Index 419


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