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TABLE OF CONTENTS<br/>LIST OF TABLES;<br/>LIST OF FIGURES;<br/>LIST OF CASES REFFERRED;<br/>LIST OF STATUTES;<br/>ABBREVIATIONS;<br/>CHAPTER 1 - GENERAL INTRODUCTION: REVEIEW OF LITERATURE, HYPOTHESIS AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY;<br/>INTRODUCTION;<br/>1.1 DEFINITION OF A VILLAGE;<br/>1.1.1 Definition of an Interior Village;<br/>1.1.2 Definition of a Coastal Village;<br/>1.1.3 Definition of a Tribal Village;<br/>1.2 NATURE OF INDIAN VILLAGE;<br/>1.3 'DISPUTE': MEANING;<br/>1.4 RESOLUTION: MEANING;<br/>1.5 REVIEW OF LITERATURE;<br/>1.6 RESEARCH PROBLEM;<br/>1.7 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY;<br/>1.8 HYPOTHESIS;<br/>1.9 RESEARCH ISSUES;<br/>1.10 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY;<br/>1.11 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY;<br/>1.12 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY;<br/>1.13 STRUCTURE OF THE STUDY;<br/>CHAPTER 2 - HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN THE VILLAGES OF INDIA;<br/>INTRODUCTION;<br/>2.1 EVOLUTION OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN ANCIENT INDIA;<br/>2.1.1 Dispute Resolution Mechanisms during Vedic Period;<br/>2.1.2 Dispute Resolution Mechanisms during Smriti Period;<br/>2.1.3. Dispute Resolution Mechanisms during Post-Smriti Period;<br/>2.2. DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS DURING MAURYANDYNASTY;<br/>2.3 DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS DURING GUPTA PERIOD;<br/>2.4 DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS DURING MUGHALPERIOD;<br/>2.5 DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS DURING BRITISH PERIOD;<br/>2.6 DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS AFTER INDEPENDENCE;<br/>2.6.1 Nyaya Panchayats:. A Historical Introduction;<br/>2.6.2 Formal Adjudication Mechanisms in India;<br/>2.6.3 Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in India;<br/>2.6.3.1 Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987 and Lok Adalats hi India;<br/>2.6.3.2 The Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996;<br/>2.6.3.3 Conciliation under the Civil Procedure Code Amendment Act, 1999 and 2002.;<br/>2.6.3.4 Establishment of Permanent Lok-Adalat;<br/>2.6.3.5 Salem Bar Association Case and the Draft ADR and Mediation Rules, 2003;<br/>2.7 REPORTS OF COMMITTEES AND COMMISSIONS ON DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN INDIA;<br/>2.8 AN ANALYSIS ON THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN INDIA;<br/>CONCLUSION;<br/>CHAPTER 3 - NATURE OF DISPUTES, DIFFERENT MODES OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN THE VILLAGES, PARALLEL JUDICIAL SYSTEMS AND MAJOR TRIBES OF INDIA;<br/>INTRODUCTION;<br/>PART I;<br/>3.1 PROFILE, NATURE OF DISPUTES AND MODE OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS OF VILLAGES IN INDIA - AN EMPIRICAL STUDY;<br/>3.1.1 Interior Villages of India - Profile, Nature of Disputes and Mode of Dispute Resolution;<br/>3.1.1.1 Masawad, State of Maharashtra;<br/>3.1.1.2 Umarti, State of Madhya Pradesh;<br/>3.1.1.3 Mubarakpur, State of GuJarat;<br/>3.1.1.4 Simanabadi, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.1.5 Daringbadi, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.1.6 Sraniketa, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.1.7 Barakhama, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.1.8 KanchiH, State of Andhra Pradesh;<br/>3.1.2 Coastal Villages of India-Profile, Nature of Dispute and Mode of Dispute Resolution;<br/>3.1.2.1 Sergarh, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.2.2 Chhuriana, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.2.3 Boxipalli, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.2.4 Thoothoor, State of Tamil Nadu;<br/>3.1.2.5 Vairavankuppam, State of Tamil Nadu;<br/>3.1.3 Tribal Villages of India- Profile, Nature of Disputes and Mode of Dispute Resolution;<br/>3.1.3.1 Manduva, State of Maharastra;<br/>3.1.3.2 Umarti, State of Maharastra;<br/>3.1.3.3 Kondalogam, State of Andhra Pradesh;<br/>3.1.3.4 Kirikuti, State of Orissa;<br/>3.1.3.5 Battaguda, State of Orissa;<br/>3.2. ANALYSIS OF EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE NATURE OF THE DISPUTES AND MODE OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS OF INDIAN VILLAGES;<br/>3.2.1 Profile: Interior Villages of India Studied;<br/>3.2.2 Profile: Coastal Villages of India Studied;<br/>3.2.3 Profile: Tribal Villages of India Studied;<br/>3.2.4 Profile of Indian Villages Studied: Interior, Coastal and Tribal;<br/>3.2.5 Social Structure in the Indian Villages;<br/>3.2.6 Caste Structure in the Indian Villages Studied;<br/>3.2.7 Unity and Factionalism in the Indian Villages Studied;<br/>3.2.8 Nature of Disputes in the Interior Villages of India<br/>3.2.9 ·Nature of Disputes in the Coastal Villages of India;<br/>3.2.10 Nature of Disputes in the Tribal Villages of India;<br/>3.2.11 Nature of Disputes in the Indian Villages: Interior, Coastal, Tribal;<br/>3.2.12 Mode of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the Interior Villages of India;<br/>3.2.13 Mode of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the Coastal Villages of India;<br/>3.2.14 Mode of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the Tribal Villages of India;<br/>3.2.15 Mode of the Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the Indian Villages: Interior, Coastal and Tribal;<br/>PART II - 3.3 DISPUTE RESOLUTION: PARALLEL JUDICIAL SYSTEMS EXISTING IN THE VILLAGES OF INDIA TODAY - PROBLEMS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS;<br/>3.3.1 Dispute Resolution under Katta or Ooru (uur) or Caste Panchayats in Tamil Nadu;<br/>3.3.2 Parallel Judicial Systems in Kerala;<br/>3.3.2.1 Dispute Resolution under Oorukkoottom;<br/>3.3.2.2 Dispute Resolution under Kadakkodi (Sea~Court);<br/>3.3.3 Dispute Resolution under Devta Institutions in Himachal Pradesh;<br/>3.3.4 Dispute Resolution under Khap Panchayats in Uttar Pradesh, Haryana, Rajasthan and Punjab;<br/>3.3.5 Dispute Resolution by Kangaroo Courts: Caste Panchayats in Orissa and Bihar;<br/>3.3.6 Dispute Resolution Mechanism: Dharmasthala, Karnataka;<br/>3.3.7 Dispute Resolution Mechanism under Naxal Control Areas in India;<br/>3.3.8 Dispute Resolution under Shiv Sena in Maharastra;<br/>3.3.9 Dispute Resolution under First 'Litigation~Free' Village in India;<br/>3.3.10 An Analysis on the Parallel Judicial Systems Studied;<br/>PART III - 3.4 DISPUTE RESOLUTION AMONG THE MAJOR TRIBES IN INDIA;<br/>3.4.1 Dispute Resolution in Adi Tribe;<br/>3.4.2 Dispute Resolution in the Angamis;<br/>3.4.3 Dispute Resolution in the Anals;<br/>3.4.4 Dispute Resolution in the Bodos;<br/>3.4.5 Dispute Resolution in the Chothe;<br/>3.4.6 Dispute Resolution in the Garos;<br/>3.4.7 Dispute Resolution in the Karbis;<br/>3.4.8 Dispute Resolution in the Kltasis;<br/>3.4.9 Dispute Resolution in the Kukis;<br/>3.4.10 Dispute Resolution in the Lamkang;<br/>3.4.11 Dispute Resolution in the Maos;<br/>3.4.12 Dispute Resolution in the Maram;<br/>3.4.13 Dispute Resolution in the Maring;<br/>3.4.14 Dispute Resolution in the Misings;<br/>3.4.15 Dispute Resolution in the Monsang;<br/>3.4.16 Dispute Resolution in the Moyon;<br/>3.4.17 Dispute Resolution in the Poumeis;<br/>3.4.18 Dispute Resolution in the Rongmei;<br/>3.4.19 Dispute Resolution in the Santals;<br/>3.4.20 Dispute Resolution in the Tangkul;<br/>3.4.21 Analysis of the Empirical Study on Dispute Resolution among the Major Tribes in India;<br/>CONCLUSION;<br/>CHAPTER 4 - FORMAL (ADJUDICATION) AND ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN INDIA: PROBLEMS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS<br/>INTRODUCTION;<br/>PART I;<br/>4.1 FORMAL OR ADJUDICATIVE METHOD OF DISPUTE RESOLUTION· PROBLEMS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS;<br/>4.1.1 'Adjudication' or 'Litigation': Meaning;<br/>4.1.2 Dispute-Centered and Court·Centered Litigation;<br/>4.2 ROLE OF ADJUDICATION OR LITIGATION ON INDIAN SOCIETY;<br/>4.3. FACTORS AFFECTING CAPACITY TO ACCESS JUSTICE;<br/>4.3.1 Physical Factors;<br/>4.3.2 Social Factors;<br/>4.3.3 Financial Factors;<br/>4.3.4 Procedural Hurdles;<br/>4.4 DISPUTE RESOLUTION THROUGH ADJUDICATION: A CRITICAL VIEW;<br/>4.4.1 Strengths of Adjudication;<br/>4.4.1.1 Probability of Error and Finality;<br/>4.4.1.2 Public Demand and User Satisfaction;<br/>4.4.1.3 Fundamental Rights and Adjudication;<br/>4.4.2 Limitations of Adjudication;<br/>4.4.3 Adjudication: An Analysis;<br/>PART II;<br/>4.5 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION (ADR) MECHANISMS IN INDIA - PROBLEMS, CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS;<br/>4.5.1 ADR Terminology: A Discussion;<br/>4.5.2 ADR Mechanisms: Meaning;<br/>4.5.3 ADR Mechanisms in Indian Legal Scenario;<br/>4.6 IMPORTANT ADR MECHANISMS IN INDIA;<br/>4.6.1 Arbitration;<br/>4.6.2 Mediation;<br/>4.6.3 Conciliation;<br/>4.6.4. Lok Adalat;<br/>4.6.5. Judicial Settlement;<br/>4.6.6. Negotiation;<br/>4.7 LEGITIMIZATION OF ADR IN INDIA;<br/>4.7.1 Over Crowding of Litigation and Backlog of Cases;<br/>4.7.2 Indeterminacy in Result and Lack of Finality;<br/>4.7.3 Vexatious Nature of Litigation;<br/>4.7.4 Expense Involved;<br/>4.7.5 Loss of Social Harmony and Success of the Process in Other Nations;<br/>4.8 POTENTIAL DANGERS OF ADR IN INDIA;<br/>4.9 MAJOR CHALLENGES TO ADR;<br/>CONCLUSION;<br/>CHAPTER 5 - DISPUTE RESOLUTION IN THE VILLAGES OF INDIA: THE GRAM NYAYALAYAS ACT, 2008 - A CRITICAL ANALYSIS;<br/>INTRODUCTION;<br/>5.1 EVOLUTION OF THE GRAM NYAYALAYA ACT, 2008;<br/>5.1.1 Salient Features of 114m Report of Law Commission of India on Gram Nyayalaya;<br/>5.1.2 Village Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in India after 73rd Constitutional Amendment: Important State Legislations - An Analysis;<br/>5.2 THE GRAM NYAYALAYAS ACT, 2008: A CRITICAL ANALYSIS;<br/>5.2.1 Gram Nayaya/ya,Act: A Constitutional Point of View;<br/>5.2.2 Salient Features of the Gram Nyaya/ayas Act, 2008;<br/>5.2.3 Inadequacies of the Gram Nyaya/ayas Act, 2008 and Suggestions;<br/>5.2.4 Present Practice of Gram Nyaya/ayas Act, 2008;<br/>5.3 DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISMS IN INDIA: FROM NYAYA PANCHAYAT TO GRAM NYAYALAYAS – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS;<br/>5.3.1 Nyaya Panchayats of Independent India, Lok Ada/ats, and the Gram Nyayalayas Act<br/>5.3.2 Madhya Pradesh Gram Nyayalaya Adhiniyam, 1996 vs. Gram Nyayalayas Act<br/>5.3.3 Nyaya Panchayats Draft Bill, 2006 vs. Gram Nyayalayas Act;<br/>5.4 GRAM NYAYALAYAS- ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS;<br/>CONCLUSION;<br/>CHAPTER 6 - ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, CONCLUDING REMARKS AND RECOMMENDATIONS;<br/>INTRODUCTION;<br/>6.1 ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS ON "VILLAGE DISPUTES IN INDIA: PROBLEMS, CHALLENGES AND SOLUTION";<br/>6.1. 1 Evolution of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in India;<br/>6.1.2 Nature of Indian Village and Their Attitude towards the Courts;<br/>6.1.3 Nature of Disputes in the Indian Villages: Interior, Coastal, Tribal;<br/>6.1.3.1 Nature of Disputes in the Indian Villages: Interior, Coastal, Tribal: A Comparative Analysis;<br/>6.1.4 Mode of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the Indian Villages: Interior, Coastal and Tribal;<br/>6.1.4.1 Mode of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in the Indian Villages: A Comparative Analysis among Interior, Coastal and Tribal Villages;<br/>6.1.5 Parallel Judicial Systems among the Major Tribes in India;<br/>6.1.6 Parallel Judicial Systems Existing in the Country Today;<br/>6.1.7 Adversarial Dispute Resolution;<br/>6.1.8· Alternatives to Formal Dispute Resolution;<br/>6.1.9 The Gram Nyayalaya Act, 2008: A New Method of Dispute Resolution;<br/>6.2 CONCLUDING REMARKS;<br/>6.3. RECOMMENDATION FOR A NEW VILLAGE DISPUTE RESOLUTION MECHANISM: NYAYA SW ARAJ GRAM ADHINIYAM;<br/>BIBLIOGRAPHY;<br/>Appendix 1: Questionnaire 1;<br/>Appendix 2: Questionnaire 2;<br/>Appendix 3: Questionnaire 3;<br/>Appendix 4: Questionnaire 4;<br/>Appendix 5: Questionnaire 5;<br/>Appendix 6: Questionnaire 6;<br/>Appendix 7: Questionnaire 7. |