NLSUI OPAC header image

Introduction to Logic (Record no. 22034)

MARC details
000 -LEADER
fixed length control field 09095nam a2200229Ia 4500
003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER
control field OSt
005 - DATE AND TIME OF LATEST TRANSACTION
control field 20200812121420.0
008 - FIXED-LENGTH DATA ELEMENTS--GENERAL INFORMATION
fixed length control field 160316s2004 xxu||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
020 ## - INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BOOK NUMBER
International Standard Book Number 812032496X
040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE
Transcribing agency nls
082 ## - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER
Classification number 160.000000
Item number COP
100 ## - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME
Personal name Copi Irving M
245 ## - TITLE STATEMENT
Title Introduction to Logic
250 ## - EDITION STATEMENT
Edition statement 11th
260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC.
Place of publication, distribution, etc. New Delhi
Name of publisher, distributor, etc. Prentice Hall of India
Date of publication, distribution, etc. 2004
300 ## - PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
Extent 647p
Dimensions xxii
365 ## - TRADE PRICE
Price amount Rs.295
505 ## - FORMATTED CONTENTS NOTE
Formatted contents note CONTENTS<br/>Foreword xiii<br/>Preface to the Eleventh Edition<br/>AX<br/>Acknowledgments xix<br/>Walk-through of eLogic Online Tutorial xxii<br/>PART ONE LOGIC AND LANGUAGE 1<br/>CHAPTER 1 BASIC LOGICAL CONCEPTS 3<br/>1.1 What Logic Is 3<br/>1.2 Propositions and Sentences 4<br/>1.3 Arguments, Premisses, and Conclusions 6<br/>Exercises 8<br/>1.4 Analyzing Arguments 11<br/>A. Paraphrasing 12<br/>B. Diagramming 13<br/>C. Interwoven Arguments 15<br/>Exercises 18<br/>1.5 Recognizing Arguments 21<br/>A. Conclusion- and Premiss-indicators 21<br/>B. Arguments in Context 22<br/>C. Premisses Not in Declarative Form 24<br/>D. Unstated Propositions 26<br/>Exercises 28<br/>1.6 Arguments and Explanations 35<br/>Exercises 37<br/>1.7 Deduction and Validity<br/>1.8 Induction and Probability 43<br/>1.9 Validity and Truth 46<br/>1.10 Complex Argumentative Passages 50<br/>Exercises 54<br/>1.11 Reasoning 58<br/>Exercises 64<br/>Challenge to the Reader 67<br/>Summary of Chapter 1 68<br/>CHAPTER 2 THE USES OF LANGUAGE 71<br/>2.1 Three Basic Functions of Language 71<br/>2.2 Discourse Serving Multiple Functions 74<br/>2.3 The Forms of Discourse 76<br/>Exercises 80<br/>2.4 Emotive Words<br/>Exercise 88<br/>2.5 Kinds of Agreement and Disagreement 88<br/>Exercises 91<br/>2.6 Emotively Neutral Language 95<br/>Exercise 97<br/>Summary of Chapter 2 97<br/>CHAPTER 3 DEFINITION 99<br/>3.1 Disputes, Verbal Disputes, and Definitions 99<br/>Exercise 102<br/>3.2 Kinds of Definition and the Resolution of Disputes 102<br/>1. Stipulative Definitions 103<br/>2. Lexical Definitions 105<br/>3. Precising Definitions 106<br/>4. Theoretical Definitons 109<br/>5. Persuasive Definitions 110<br/>Exercises 111<br/>3.3 Extension and Intension 114<br/>17<br/>Exercises 117<br/>3.4 Extensional Definitions 118<br/>Exercises 120<br/>3.5 Intensional Definitions 120<br/>Exercises 124<br/>3.6 Rules for Definition by Genus and Difference 125<br/>Exercises 129<br/>Summary of Chapter 3 134<br/>CHAPTER 4 FALLACIES 137<br/>4.1 What Is a Fallacy? 137<br/>4.2 Fallacies of Relevance 139<br/>R1. The Argument from Ignorance: Argument Ad Ignorantiam 139<br/>R2. The Appeal to Inappropriate Authority: Argument Ad Verecundiam 141<br/>R3. Argument Ad Hominem 143<br/>A. Argument Ad Hominem, Abusive 143 inl omm<br/>B. Argument Ad Hominem, Circumstantial 144<br/>R4. The Appeal to Emotion: Argument Ad Populum 145<br/>R5. The Appeal to Pity: Argument Ad Misericordiam 147 t<br/>R6. The Appeal to Force: Argument Ad Baculum 148<br/>R7. Irrelevani Conclusion: Ignoratio Elenchi 149<br/>Exercises 150<br/>4.3 Fallacies of Presumption 156<br/>PL. Complex Question 156<br/>P2. False Cause 158<br/>P3. Begging the Question: Petitio Principii 159<br/>P4. and P5. Accident and Converse Accident 160<br/>Exercises 161<br/>4.4 Fallacies of Ambiguity 163<br/>A1. Equivocation 163<br/>A2. Amphiboly 165<br/>A3. Accent 165<br/>A4. Composition 167<br/>A5. Division 168<br/>Exercises 171<br/>Summary of Chapter 4 177<br/>PART TWO DEDUCTION 179<br/>CHAPTER 5 CATEGORICAL PROPOSITIONS 181<br/>5.1 The Theory of Deduction 181<br/>5.2 Categorical Propositions and Classes 182<br/>Exercises 184<br/>5.3 Quality, Quantity, and Distribution 185<br/>A. Quality 185<br/>B. Quantity 185<br/>C. General Schema of Standard-Form Categorical Propositions 186 nuba S<br/>D. Distribution 186<br/>Exercises 188<br/>5.4 The Traditional Square of Opposition 188<br/>A. Contradictories 189<br/>B. Contraries 189<br/>C. Subcontraries 190<br/>D. Subalternation 190<br/>32 p<br/>E. The Square of Opposition 191<br/>Exercises 193<br/>5.5 Further Immediate Inferences 193<br/>B. Obversion 195<br/>C. Contraposition 197<br/>Exercises 200<br/>5.6 Existential Import and the Interpretation of Categorical Propositions 202<br/>Exercises 207<br/>5.7 Symbolism and Diagrams for Categorical Propositions 208<br/>Exercises 213<br/>Summary of Chapter 5 214<br/>CHAPTER 6 CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS 217<br/>6.1 Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms 217<br/>A. Major, Minor, and Middle Terms 217<br/>B. Mood 218<br/>C. Figure 218<br/>Exercises 220<br/>6.2 The Formal Nature of Syllogistic Argument 221<br/>Exercises 223<br/>6.3 Venn Diagram Technique for Testing Syllogisms 224<br/>Exercises 230<br/>6.4 Syllogistic Rules and Syllogistic Fallacies 232<br/>6.5 Exposition of the 15 Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism 236<br/>Exercises 239<br/>6.6 Deduction of the 15 Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism 242<br/>Exercises 245<br/>Summary of Chapter 6 246<br/>CHAPTER 7 ARGUMENTS IN ORDINARY LANGUAGE 249<br/>7.1 Syllogistic Arguments in Ordinary Language 249<br/>7.2 Reducing the Number of Terms in a Syllogistic Argument 250<br/>Exercises 252<br/>7.3 Translating Categorical Propositions into Standard Form 253<br/>Exercises 260<br/>7.4 Uniform Translation 261<br/>Exercises 263<br/>7.5 Enthymemes 269<br/>Exercises 272<br/>7.6 Sorites 275<br/>Exercises 277<br/>7.7 Disjunctive and Hypothetical Syllogisms 279<br/>Exercises 282<br/>7.8 The Dilemma 287<br/>Exercises 291<br/>Summary of Chapter 7 296<br/>CHAPTER 8 SYMBOLIC LOGIC 299<br/>8.1 The Symbolic Language of Modern Logic 299<br/>8.2 The Symbols for Conjunction, Negation, and Disjunction 300<br/>A. Conjunction 301<br/>B. Negation 303<br/>C. Disjunction 304<br/>D. Punctuatiom 306<br/>Exercises 309<br/>8.3 Conditional Statements and Material Implication 312<br/>Exercises 319<br/>8.4 Argument Forms and Arguments 321<br/>A. Refutation by Logical Analogy 321<br/>B. Testing Arguments on Truth Tables 324<br/>C. Some Common Valid Argument Forms 326<br/>Disjunctive Syllogism 326<br/>Modus Ponens 327<br/>Modus Tollens 328<br/>Hypothetical Syllogism 328<br/>D. Some Common Invalid Argument Forms 330<br/>E. Substitution Instances and Specific Forms 330 MA YOOJAA IT AH<br/>Exercises 331<br/>8.5 Statement Forms and Material Equivalence 335<br/>A. Statement Forms and Statements 335<br/>B. Tautologous, Contradictory, and Contingent Statement Forms 335<br/>C. Material Equivalence 337<br/>D. Arguments, Conditional Statements, and Tautologies 338<br/>Exercises 339<br/>8.6 Logical Equivalence 340<br/>8.7 The Paradoxes of Material Implication 343<br/>8.8 The Three "Laws of Thought" 344 <br/>Summary of Chapter 8 346<br/>CHAPTER 9 THE METHOD OF DEDUCTION 349<br/>9.1 Formal Proof of Validity 349<br/>Exercises 352<br/>9.2 The Rule of Replacement 359<br/>Exercises 364<br/>9.3 Proof of Invalidity 372<br/>Exercises 374<br/>9.4 Inconsistency 375<br/>Exercises 378<br/>Summary of Chapter 9 382<br/>CHAPTER 10 QUANTIFICATION THEORY 385<br/>10.1 Singular Propositions 385<br/>10.2 Quantification 387<br/>10.3 Traditional Subject-Predicate Propositions 391<br/>Exercises 396<br/>10.4 Proving Validity 398 gml InielcM bns<br/>Exercises 404<br/>10.5 Proving Invalidity 406<br/>Exercises 409<br/>10.6 Asyllogistic Inference 411<br/>Exercises 414<br/>Summary of Chapter 10 419<br/>PART THREE INDUCTION 421<br/>CHAPTER 11 ANALOGY AND PROBABLE INFERENCE 423<br/>11.1 Argument by Analogy 423<br/>Exercises 426<br/>11.2 Appraising Analogical Arguments 430<br/>Exercises 434<br/>11.3 Refutation by Logical Analogy 440<br/>Exercises 443<br/>Summary of Chapter 11 446<br/>CHAPTER 12 CAUSAL CONNECTIONS: MILL's METHODS OF<br/>310<br/>EXPERIMENTAL INQUIRY 449<br/>12.1 Cause and Effect 449<br/>A. The Meaning of "Cause" 449<br/>Contents<br/>B. Causal Laws and the Uniformity of Nature 452<br/>C. Induction by Sinmple Enumeration 453<br/>12.2 Mill's Methods 455<br/>1. The Method of Agreement 456<br/>Exercises 458<br/>2. The Method of Difference 460<br/>Exercises 462<br/>3. The Joint Method of Agreement amd Difference 466<br/>Exercises 467<br/>4. The Method of Residues 470<br/>Exercises 472<br/>5. The Method of Concomitant Variation 474<br/>Exercises 476<br/>12.3 Critique of Mill's Methods 480<br/>A. The Limitations of Mill's Methods 480<br/>B. The Power of Mill's Methods 481<br/>Exercises 482<br/>Summary of Chapter 12 491<br/>CHAPTER 13 SCIENCE AND HYPOTHESIS 493<br/>13.1 The Values of Science 493<br/>13.2 Explanations: Scientific and Unscientific 494<br/>13.3 Evaluating Scientific Explanations 496<br/>1. Compatibility with Previously Well-established Hypotheses 496<br/>2. Predictive or Explanatory Power 497<br/>3. Simplicity 499<br/>13.4 Seven Stages of Scientific Investigation 500<br/>1. Identifying the Problem 500<br/>2. Devising Preliminary Hypotheses 500<br/>3. Collecting Additional Facts 501<br/>4. Formulating the Explanatory Hypothesis 501<br/>5. Deducing Further Consequences 502<br/>6. Testing the Consequences 502<br/>7. Applying the Theory 503<br/>Exercises 504<br/>13.5 Scientists in Action: The Pattern of Scientific Investigation 504<br/>13.6 Crucial Experiments and Ad Hoc Hypotheses 510<br/>A. Crucial Exp<br/>B. Ad Hoc Hypotheses 512<br/>13.7 Classification as Hypothesis 518<br/>Exercises 522<br/>Summary of Chapter 13 530<br/>CHAPTER 14 PROBABILITY 533<br/>14.1 Alternative Conceptions of Probability 533<br/>A. The A Priori Theory of Probability 534<br/>B. The Relative Frequency Theory of Probability 535<br/>14.2 The Probability Calculus 536<br/>14.3 Probability of Joint Occurrences 537<br/>Exercises 541<br/>14.4 Probability of Alternative Occurrences 543<br/>Exercises 548<br/>Challenge to the Reader 549<br/>14.5 Expected Value 549<br/>Exercises 556<br/>Challenge to the Reader 558<br/>Summary of Chapter 14 558<br/>Solutions to Selected Exercises 560<br/>Special Symbols 621<br/>Glossary/Index 623
650 ## - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM
Topical term or geographic name entry element 1.Logic - Reasoning
700 ## - ADDED ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME
Personal name Cohen Carl
--
942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA)
Source of classification or shelving scheme Dewey Decimal Classification
Koha item type BOOKs
Holdings
Withdrawn status Lost status Damaged status Not for loan Home library Current library Shelving location Date acquired Cost, normal purchase price Total Checkouts Full call number Barcode Date last seen Price effective from Koha item type
        . . NAB Compactor 30.05.2017 295.00   160 COP 20013 30.05.2017 30.05.2017 BOOKs