Table of Contents
Contents;
Dedication;
Acknowledgements;
Declaration;
Certificate;
Table of Content;
List of Tables;
List of Figures;
List of Cases;
List of Statutes and Primary Sources;
List of Abbreviations;
1. Introduction;
1.1. Why Tobacco is a Threat to Development;
1.1.1. Threat to Environment;
1.1.2. Threat to Poverty;
1.1.3. Threat to Farmers and Workers;
1.1.4. Threat to Food;
1.1.5. Threat to Human Rights;
1.1.6. Tobacco and NCD burden;
1.2. Purpose of Research;
1.3. Statement of the Problem;
1.4. Background Information and Literature Review;
1.5. Objectives of the Study;
1.6. Hypothesis;
1.7. Research Questions;
1.8. Research Methodology;
1.8.1. Data collection and data source;
1.8.2. Sampling design and size;
1.8.3. Data analysis;
1.8.4. Limitations of the study;
1.9. Plan of the Study Chapterisation;
2. The International Trade and Health Law Regime;
2.1. Formation of GATT;
2.1.1. Key Principles of GATT;
2.1.2 Dispute settlement under GATT;
2.2. The World Trade Organization;
2.2.1. Principles of trading systems under WTO;
2.2.2. WTO Agreements;
2.2.3. Tobacco and trade;
2.3. Global Legal Framework on Health;
2.3.1. History of International Health Law;
2.3.2. The League of Nations Health Organization – LNHO;
2.3.3. World Health Organization;
2.3.4. The Declaration of Alma-Ata (1978);
2.3.5. International Health Regulations;
2.3.6. Framework Convention on Tobacco Control;
2.4. Non-Tariff Measures (NTM), Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) and Health Exceptions;
2.4.1. Classification of non-tariff measures;
2.4.2. Technical Barriers to Trade;
2.4.3. Health Exception under Article XX of the GATT and XIV of GATS;
2.4.4. Health Exception under TRIPS
2.4.5. Common ground between WHO and WTO;
2.5. Right of Sovereign Nations and Obligations of MNCS;
2.5.1. Globalisation and sovereignty
2.5.2. Obligations of MNCs/TNCs under International Laws
2.5.3. United Nations Global Compact;
3. Public Health and Trade under the Constitution of India;
3.1. Madras Public Health Act, 1939;
3.2. Indian Penal Code 1860;
3.2.1. Chapter XIV of IPC - Offences Affecting the Public Health, Safety, Convenience, Decency and Morals;
3.3. Code of Criminal Procedure 1973;
3.3.1. Removal of Public Nuisance;
3.3.2. Power to issue order in urgent cases of nuisance or apprehended danger;
3.4. Constitution of India 1950;
3.4.1. Health in Part III of the Constitution of India ;
3.4.2. Health in Part IV of the Constitution;
3.4.3. Health in Part IVA of the Constitution;
3.4.4. Health under the Federal Set-up (Part XI of the Constitution);
3.4.5. Health under Local Self Governance: Responsibilities of Municipalities, Panchayats, District and Regional Councils;
3.5. State and National Public Health Legislation;
3.6. Freedom of Trade in India;
3.6.1. Pre-Constitution;
3.6.2. Under the Constitution of India;
3.6.3. Tobacco as Res Extra Commercium;
4. Protection of Public Health, Imperative to Enjoyment of Right to Health – An Analysis of Judicial Pronouncements;
4.1. Characteristics of right to health;
4.2. Right to Health under International Human Rights Regime;
4.2.1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR, 1948);
4.2.2. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR, 1966);
4.2.3. The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW, 1979);
4.2.4. The Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC, 1989);
4.2.5. UN Convention on Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD, 2008);
4.3. The Judicial Incorporation of Right to Health in India;
4.3.1. The Supreme Court of India on Right to Health;
4.3.2. High Courts of India on Right to Health 4.3.3. Courts on Right to Health and Human Right vis-à-vis Tobacco;
4.3.4. Tobacco Litigation in India;
4.4. WTO Dispute Settlement and Public Health;
4.4.1. United States of America v. Thailand (1989-1990);
4.4.2. Canada v. France through European Union (1998-2001);
4.4.3. European Communities v. Brazil (2005-2007);
4.4.4. Indonesia v. United States (2010-2014);
4.4.5. WTO Dispute (406) and WHO-FCTC;
4.4.6. Philippines v. Thailand (2008-2014);
4.4.7. Honduras v. Dominican Republic (2004-2005);
4.4.8. Ukraine, Honduras, Dominican Republic, Cuba, Indonesia v. Australia (Plain Packaging of Tobacco Products) – Since 2012;
4.5. BIT Disputes and Tobacco Control;
4.5.1. Philip Morris Products (Switzerland) v Republic of Uruguay;
4.5.2. Philip Morris Asia Limited v Commonwealth of Australia;
4.5.3. Grand River Enterprises Six Nations v United States of America;
4.5.4. Feldman Karpa v Mexico;
4.6. Key Tobacco Control Litigation and WHO-FCTC;
4.6.1. South Africa;
4.6.2. Sri Lanka;
4.6.3. Thailand;
4.6.4. Australia;
4.6.5. Canada;
4.6.6. Argentina;
4.6.7. Columbia;
4.6.8. Switzerland;
4.6.9. United Kingdom;
4.6.10. India;
4.7. Public health impact of national and international dispute settlement;
5. Trade and Investment Agreements of India: The Impact on Public Health;
5.1. The Major Bilateral, Multilateral and Regional Trade Agreements of India;
5.1.1. India-ASEAN Trade Agreements;
5.1.2. MERCOSUR Preferential Trade Agreement;
5.1.3. South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA);
5.1.4. South Asian Free Trade Agreement (SAFTA);
5.1.5. SAARC Agreement on Trade in Services;
5.1.6. Asia-Pacific Trade Agreement;
5.1.7. India-Sri Lanka FTA;
5.1.8. India- Malaysia CECA;
5.1.9. India Singapore CECA;
5.1.10. India Japan CEPA;
5.1.11. India Korea CEPA;
5.1.12. Other completed trade agreements;
5.1.13. Ongoing regional trade agreement negotiations;
5.2. Impact of FTAs on Tobacco Control;
5.3. Bilateral Investment Treaties;
5.3.1. Review of Indian BITs;
5.3.2. Comparison of BITs with UNCTAD Policy Options and 2015 Model BIT of India;
5.4. Impact of BITs on Tobacco Control;
6. Praxis and Challenges in Negotiating Public Health in Trade Treaties: An Empirical Analysis;
6.1. Treaty Negotiation and Implementation in India;
6.2. Treaty Making in Other Countries;
6.2.1. The United States of America;
6.2.2. Treaty making in United Kingdom;
6.2.3. Treaty making in Australia;
6.2.4. Treaty making in Canada;
6.2.5. A Comparative Analysis and Options for India;
6.3. Trade Treaties and Public Health – The Indian Experience;
6.3.1. Quantitative Analysis;
6.3.2. Qualitative analysis;
7. Conclusions and Recommendations;
7.1. Epilogue and Findings;
7.2. Key Findings;
7.3. Testing of Hypotheses:;
7.4. Recommendations
7.5. Future Research;;
Bibliography;
Appendices;
Appendix-I: Interview Schedule;
Appendix-II: Analysis of Bits Entered Into By India From 1994-2011;
Appendix-III: Investment Dispute Settlement (Involving India).

International Trade - Protection of Health law Right to health - Constitution of India