TABLE OF CONTENTS
List of Tables & Figures 1
Glossary 3
Introduction 4
Methodology 8
Crime, Arrests and Detention:
A Quantitative Baseline 12
A. Karnataka: An Overview of Crime and Arrests 13
I. Demographic Profile of Under-Trial Prisoners 14
II. Nature of Offences 16
III. Variation within the State 19
Arrest and Bail: The Legal Framework 22
A.Legal Framework of Arrest and Bail 23
I. Pre-Trial Stage 25
II. Under-Trial Stage 29
B. Bail Decision Making and Due Process Safeguards 31
I. Right to Speedy Trial 31
II. Right to Legal Counsel 32
III. Right to be Free from Handcuffs 32
IV. Right to be Heard 32
V. Conditions of Detention 32
Court Observation of Bail Decision Making:
Why the type of case matters most
A. Explaining First Production Outcomes
I. Substantive Factors
II. Procedural Factors
Bail Decision Making:
A Review of Court Records
A. First Productions and Pre-Trial Bail in Bengaluru
I. Bail Decisions at First Production in Bengaluru
Comparison of Data Sets
II. Bail in the Pre-Trial Stage:
Data from Court Records in Bengaluru
III. Range of Punishment and Bail Outcomes
B. Bail Decision Making in the Pre-Trial Stage:
Dharwad and Tumakuru
I. Arrests and Police Bail
II. Bail Decision Making at First Production
III. Bail Decision Making in the Pre-trial Stage
Summary and Recommendations
Appendix A
Appendix B