Table of Contents Table of Cases ; List of Abbreviations ; Chapter 1; Introduction ; A. Food Grain Production & Pest Control; B. Factors Determining Pesticide Use ; C. Pesticide Production & Consumption in India ; 1. Supply of Pesticides ; (i) Local Production; (ii) Trends in Production of Different Categories of Pesticides in India; 2. Import of Agrochemicals; 3. Export of Agro-chemicals; 4. Distribution of Pesticides ; (i) Government Agencies of States; (ii) Co-operative Agencies ; (iii) Private Trade; 5. Pricing ; 6. Use of Pesticides ; (i) Consumption of . Pesticides; D. Need for Regulation of Pesticides ; E. Problem Statement. ; F. Research Questions ; G. Research Methodology ; Chapter 2; Review of Case Law on Insecticides; A. Introduction ; B. Issues Arising out of working the Act for Past Three Decades; 1. Report of the Insecticide Analyst and Principles of Natural Justice; 2. Delay in Prosecution and the Right of the Accused: A Timeframe to Prosecute ; (i) The Moral of the Story ; 3. Import without Registration for Cultivation ; 4. Responsibilities of Directors and Partners ; 5. Volume of Contents of an Insecticide Package and Finding of Misbranding; 6. The Requirement of Sanction to Prosecute ; 7. The Defences Available to a Retail Seller or Dealer ; 8. The Period of Limitation for Launching Prosecution ; 9. Imposition of Fresh Conditions when Registration is under Section 9 (4); 10. The Licence to Stock and Ownership in Goods Stocked ; 11. The Power to Cancel the Certificate of Registration by the Govt.: A Patent Flaw in the Act; 12. The Licensing Officer's Power of Revocation of Certificate of the Principal ; I 3. The Insecticides Act and the Applicability of Other Laws ; :. The Place where Prosecution may be Launched ; 15. The Standards under the lSI and the Act ; (C) Assessment of Achievement 'of Objectives ; Chapter 3; Findings of Field Studies ; A. Introduction ; B. Objectives of the Study ; ---C-:-Main highlights of the survey ; 1. Distributors and retailers ; (i) Role of Officials under the Insecticides Act, 1968 ; (ii) Corruption and Enforcement of the Act ; (iii) Incentives to Boost Sales ; (iv) Sale of Expired Pesticides ; (v) The Return of Expired Pesticide Stocks ; (vi) Disposal of Expired Pesticide Stocks ; (vii) The Flow of information to the End User ; (viii) The Quality of Labels ; (ix) Provision of Safety Wear by Companies ; (x) Availability of Credit ; (xi) Quality Control Mechanism ; 2. Agriculturists ; (i) The Role of Companies and Agricultural Dept; (ii) Safety Precautions ; (iii) Non-efficaciou,s Pesticides ; (iv) Habit of Reading the Labels ; (v) Role of the Dealers ; 3. Manufacturers; (i) Data Protection/Compensation; (ii) Misuse of Labels ; (iii) Chemical Equivalence ; (iv) Enforcement Authorities ; (v) Registration Requirements in case of Exports ; (vi) Rule Making Power of the Board ; (vii) Penological Pitfalls ; (viii) Outdated Stocks ; (ix) Repeat Registation ; (x) The Need for Qualified Licence Holders ; (xi) Obsolescence of the Act ; (xii) Uniformity in Interpretation ; (xiii) Quality Control ; Chapter 4; Comparative Analysis of Indian US & UK Law in the Backdrop of TRIPS Agreement ; A. Brief History of Pesticide Legislation in India ; B. Comparative Analysis of Scheme of Law ; 1. Registration; (i) The Relationship between Registration and Patent ; (ii) Meaning of Registration ; (iii) The Scope of Registration ; (iv) The Machinery for Registration ; (v) The Manner of Registration ; (vi) Non-registration, Suspension and Cancellation of Registration ; (vii) Kinds of Registration ; (viii) Data Requirements for Registration ; (ix) Duration of Time Consumed in Grant of Registration; (x) Duration of Registration ; (xi) Protection offered to CBI; (xii) Provisional Registration & EUP ; (xiii) Conditions imposed on Registration ; 2. Licence & Inspection ; 3. Worker Protection ; 4. Use Classification ; 5. Labeling ; 6. Transport, Storage, Disposal and Recall of Pesticides ; 7. Aerial Application of Pesticide's ; 8. Books and Records; 9. Pesticide Recordkeeping ; 10. Training programs ; 11. Public participation & Principles of Natural Justice ; 12. Research and Monitoring ; 13. Indemnity ; 14. Sanctions ; (i) Sanctions Related to Data ; (ii) Sanctions Related to Use of Pesticide ; (iii) Sanctions Related to Sale & Distribution of Pesticides & Devices ; (iv) Sanctions Related to Records & Reports ; (v) Sanctions for Minor Violations ; (vi) Miscellaneous ; C. Patents for Agrochemical Products and Trips ; 1. Exclusive Marketing Rights for Agro chemicals• under TRIPS ; 2. Implications of TRIPS for Patents Act, 1970 in the Context of EMRs; 3. Duration of a Patent; D. Comparisons at a Glance; Chapter 5; Conclusions and Solutions ; A .. Introduction ; B. Data Protection ; C. Cost Sharing for Joint Development of Data ; D. The Need for Procedures of Exclusive Use/Compensation ; E. The Evolution of Exclusive Use & Compensation Principles in the US ; F. Protection of CBI ; G. Product Liability & Stewardship ; H. Recognition of All Players in the Field ; I. Research & Monitoring ; J. Development of Integrated Pest Management & Consumerism; K. RegIstration ; L. Exemption under Section 38 ; M. CIL and Time Requirement for Report Presentation ; N. Label Problems ; O. Penological provisions ; P. Disposal of Obsolete Insecticides ; Q. Regulation of Commercial Applicators ; R. Quality Control ; S. Pesticide Efficacy; T . Worker Safety; U. Delay in Launching Prosecution; V. Need to Amend Section 27 & the Definition of Insecticides; W. PNJ s and the Insecticides Act; X. Insecticide Inspectors; Y. Credit Arrangement under the Act; Z. The Flow of Information; AA. Frequent Inspections at the Manufacturing Site; BB. Pesticide Dealers & Retailers ; CC. Counteract the Cultural Medicine; DO. Areas to which the Act is Indifferent; EE. Problems & Solutions at a Glance; Bibliography; Annexures; 1. Sale Points of Pesticides as on 1-2-2000; 2. Projected Demand of Pesticide for the Year 2000-2001 as Submitted b\ the State IUTs; 3. Statement Showing the Anticipated Consumption of Pesticides for the Year 1999-2000 as Submitted by the State IUTs; 4. Questionnaire for Retail Dealers; 5. Questionnaire for Manufacturers; 6. Questionnaire for Farmers;