TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE ; DECLARATION ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ; LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ; ABSTRACT ; RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ; 1. Introduction to Standard Setting and Standard Setting Organizations ; 1.1 Objectives and Benefits of Standardization ; 1.2 Evolution of Standardization ; 1.3 Forms of Standards ; 1.4 Participants in Standard-Setting; 1.5 Strategic Battles in SSOs ; 1.6 The Typical Standard Setting Process; 1.7 Standard Setting Scenario in India ; 2. Standard Essential Patents ; 2.1 Essential Patents and Standard Setting ; 2.2 Actually essential, potentially essential, may be essential ; 2.3 The role of essential patents; 3. Abuse Of Standard Setting Process ; 3.1 Patent Hold up ; 3.2 Patent Ambush ; 3.3 Anticompetitive effects of standard setting ; 4. RAND/FRAND Royalties and Injunctions ; 4.1 RAND/FRAND Terms ; 4.2 "Fair" and "Reasonable" royalty ; 4.3 Royalty Stacking ; 4.4 Ex ante auctions ; 4.5 F/RAND terms and Competition ; 4.6 Securitization of SEPs as a method to find out "fair" and "reasonable" royalty ; 5. Injunctive Relief and SEPs; 6. Conclusion ; 7. Bibliography .