TABLE OF CONTENT Table of Cases Chapter I-Introduction Defection and meaning Defection and Political Parties; Whip System; Democracy and Anti Defection Law; Consequences Of Defection; Conceptual Text; Research Methodology ; Methods of Data Collection; Research Questions; Cauterization; Chapter II - Historical Background of Defection Law in India Committee on Defection; Recommendation of Committee on Defection; The Constitutional(Thirty Second Amendment) Bill 1973; The Constitution(Fourth Eight Amendment) Bill 1978; Recommendation of the Election Commission; The Constitution (52nd Amendment) Act 1985; Presiding Officers and Anti Defection Law; Rules under Para 8 of the Tenth Schedule; Chapter III - Anti-defection Law: Judicial Response Anti-defection Law; Exception to Disqualification in Defection; Decision on question as to disqualification on the ground of defection; Judicial Review; Rule Making power of the Speaker; Constitutionality of Tenth Schedule; Whether the Act is in consonance with the Constitution; Decision in Kihoto Hallohan V Zachillhu; Whether tenth schedule is violative of 19(1) (a) of the constitution; Whether tenth Schedule is violative of basic structure?; Chapter IV- Amendment to the Tenth Schedule and emerging and emerging trends Subsequent development after 52nd Amendment Act; Reasons for the Constitution (91 St. Amendment) Act 2003; Consequences of the Amendment; Emerging Trends; Chapter V- Conclusion and Suggestions Bibliography TABLE OF CASES Additional District Magistrate, Jabalpur v. SS. Shukia, AIR 1976 SC 1207; All party Hill-Leaders' Conference, Shillong v. W.A. Sangma, AIR 1977 SC 2155; Associated Cement Companies Ltd V. P.N. Sharma AIR 1965 SC 1595, at 1606; AIR 1975 SC 2299 ; AIR 1976 SC 1207; and (1976) Supplement SCR 172; Bachan Singh v. State of Punjab, AIR 1980 SC 898; Dr. Kashinath Jalmi v. The Speaker, AIR 1993 SC 1873; Dr. Luis Proto Barbosa v. Union of India. (1992) Supple (2) S.C.C 644; Dhartipakar v. Rajiv Gandhi, AIR 1987 SC 1577; E.P. Royappa v. State of Tamil Nadu AIR 1974 SC 555; G. Viswanathan v. The Speaker, T.N. Legislative Assembly, (1996) 2 SCC; Golak Nath v. state of Punjab, AIR 1973 SC 1461; Hari Nagar Sugar Mills v. Shyam Sunder, AIR 1961 SC 1669; Indira Gandhi v. Raj Narain, AIR 1975 SC 2299; Kanhiya Lal Omer v. R. K. Trivedi, AIR 1986 SC 111; Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala, (1973) Suppl. SCR 1; Keshav Singh v. Speaker, U.P. Legislature, (1965) 1 SCR 413; AIR 1965 SC 745; Kihoto Holihan v. Zachillu, (1992) Supple (2) SCC 651; M.S.M.Sharma v. Shri Krishna Sinha, AIR 1959 SC 395; Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India, AIR 1978 SC 597; Mian Bashir Ahmad v. State, AIR 1982 J&K 30; PUCL v. Union of India, 2002, 2 SCC; P.v. Narasimha Rao v. State (CBI/SPE), AIR 1998 SC 212019984 SCC 626; Prakash Singh Badal. Union of India, AIR 1987 P&H 263; Pashupati nath sukul v. Nem Chandra Jain, (1984) 2 SCC 404; AIR 1984 SC399; Ravi. S. Naik v Union of India and Others. (1994)2 SCC 21; Roop Chand Adlakha v. DDA, 1989 Supp (1) SCC 116; Ram Krishna Dalmia. Justice Tendolkar and Others, AIR 1958 SC 538; R.K. Jain v. Union of India, AIR 1993 SC 176919934 SCC 119; Stockdale v.Hansard, (1839) 9 Ad. & E.L.1; Union of India v. B. Jyoti Prakash, AIR 1971 SC 1093; United Democratic Movement v. the President of the Republic of South Africa et. al. (1 )2002 (11) BCLR 1164 (CC).