Contents:
CHAPTER 1 POVERTY;
Meaning and Concept;
Dictionary Meaning;
Another Meaning;
Terms Related to Poverty;
Absolute Poverty;
Relative Poverty;
Primary Poverty;
Secondary Poverty;
Poverty Line;
Poverty Trap;
Cycle of Poverty;
Quotes;
Indicative Figures;
Below Poverty Line;
Understanding who are Poor;
Who all constitute poor?;
Need to Define the Problems of Poverty and its Magnitude;
Social Exclusion;
Identification;
Aggregation;
Manifestations of Poverty;
Negative Discrimination;
Types of Income Poverty;
Poverty Groups;
Stunted Child;
Wasted Child;
Underweight;
Determinants of Poverty;
Millennium Development Goals (MDGS);
Eight Goals;
Comments;
Measures of Human Deprivation Devised by United Nations Development Programme;
CPM;
Comments;
HPI;
Indicators;
Concepts;
Harijan;
Dalit;
Garibi Hatao;
Mandal Commission;
Social Engineering;
Affirmative Action;
Inclusive Growth;
The Creamy Layer;
Empowerment;

CHAPTER 2 APPROACH OF THE INDIAN CONSTITUTION TOWARDS THE POOR; Issues Related to Poverty in India;
Preamble;
Socialistic Concept;
A Resume of Constitutional Provisions having a Bearing on Poverty and Development;
Citizenship;
Article 5 - Citizenship at the Commencement of the Constitution Right to Equality;
Equality Before Làw;
Article 15. Prohibition of Discrimination;
Article 16. Equality of Opportunity in Matters of Public Employment;
Article 17. Abolition of Untouchability;
Article 21. Right to Life;
Illustrations;
Article 21A;
Directive Principles of State Policy and Poverty in India;
Social Justice;
Fundamental Duties;
Article 51(A)(k);
Other Provisions;
Article 243D;
Article 325;
Part XVI -Articles 330 to 342;

CHAPTER 3 ANTI-POVERTY PROGRAMMES;
Twin Fold Objectives;
Underlying Aim;
Payments;
The Integrated Rural Development Project (IRDP);
Guarantee of Employment: Section 12;
Operational since 1980;
Target Group;
Ceiling for Subsidy;
Pattern of Coverage;
Actual Beneficiaries;
Analysis;

National Rural Employment Programme (NREP);
Significant Features;
Priority;
Allocation;
Division;
Execution;
Co-option;
Drawbacks;

Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) (August 1983);
Objective;
Details;
Jawahar Rojgar Yojna (JRY);
Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna (SGSY);
Sampoorna Grameen Rojgar Yojna (SGRY);
Indira Awas Yojna (IAY);
Public Distribution System (PDS);

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 MGNREGA);
Aim;
Nodal Agency;
Implementation;
Sharing of Expenses;
Provisions under NREGA;
Rural Area section 2(0)?;
History and Funding;
Section 2(f);
Criticism;
Legal Aspects;

Ninth Plan Strategy for IRDP;
Objectives;
Developmental Activities;
Rajiv Awas Yojna;
Panchayat Raj Institutions;
Criticism;
Non-governmental Initiatives;
Self Help Groups;

CHAPTER 4 BONDED LABOUR;
Universal Declaration of Human Rights;
Begar;
Forced Labour;
Constitution of India, Article 23: Right Against Exploitation;
Slave;
Debt bondage;
International Labour Organisation and Forced Bonded Labour;
PUCL Case;
Freedom from Bondage;
The Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976;
Salient Features;
Preamble;
Bonded Labour, Section 2(e);
Bonded Labourer, Section 2(f);
Bonded Labour System, Section 2(g);
Act to have Overriding Effect, Section 3;
Abolition of Bonded Labour System, Section 4(1);
Section 4(2);
Agreement, Custom, Etc., to be Void, Section 5;
Burden of Proof, Section 15;

CHAPTER 5 ABOLITION OF UNTOUCHABILITY;
Constitution of India Article 17;
The Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955;
Preamble;
Definitions;
Civil Rights;
Provisions of the Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955;
Offences;
Abolition of Untouchability;
Presumption by Courts in Certain Cases, Section 12;
Legal Aid, Section 15A(2)(i);
Special Courts;
Committees, Section 15(A)(2)(iv);
Constitutional Bodies;

CHAPTER 6 DEBT RELIEF;
Maharashtra Debt Relief Act, 1975;
Preamble;
Salient Features;
Farmers Debt Waiver Scheme, May 2008;
Estimated Beneficiaries;

CHAPTER 7 DEVELOPMENT;
Right;
Development;
Background;
United Nations Charter;
Fundamental Core Element;
Right to Development (RTD);
Right to Development is a Group Right;
The Rio Declaration, 1992;
The Principles of the RIO Declaration;
Copenhagen Declaration, 1992;
Right to Development Includes;
Declaration on the Right to Development;
Recognition;
Certain Advances;
Target;
Legal Relevance;

CHAPTER 8 CRIMINAL LAW AND THE POOR;
Constitutional Aim;
Case-Law;
Victims of Bail Justice;
Purpose Behind Bail Provisions;
Interim Bail;
Bailable;
Legal Provisions Criminal Procedure Code Sections 436 to 450;
Problems for the Poor;
Victims of Prison Injustice
Problems of Under-trials;
Abuse and Challenges;
Criminal Procedure Code, Chapter VIII, Sections 106 to 124;

CHAPTER 9 RENDITION OF LEGAL AID;
Corrective Steps;
Preamble of Constitution;
Significance;
The Legal Services Authority Act, 1987;
Preamble;
The Statute Highlighted;
Definitions;
Supreme Court Legal Services Committee;
Functions of the Central Authority;
Functions of the State Authority;
Entitlement to Legal Services;
Free Legal Services;
Lok Adalats;
Section 19;
Status;
Connotation of Terms Used;
Compromise;
Settlement;
Refund of Court Fees;
Public Utility Service;

CHAPTER 10 WOMEN, CHILDREN AND THOSE WITH SPECIAL NEEDS;
Fundamental Duties;
Situation Before Enactment of Modern Laws;
Crimes Against women;
Hindu Succession Act, 1956 (As Amended in 2005);
Status of Female Hindus;
Criticism;
Gender Bias or Inadequacies;
Anti-dowry Laws;
Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961;
Preamble;
Section 2 of the Dowry Prohibition Act;
Stridhan;
Offences with Regard to Dowry and Wife;
Penalties;
IPC Section 406 - Punishment for Criminal Breach of Trust;
IPC Section 304B;
IPC Section 498A;
Nature of Offence;
Domestic Violence Act, 2005;
Preamble;
Domestic Violence - Section 5;
Appraisal;
Significance;
Beneficiaries;
Live-in Relationship;
Status of Children;
Shelter;
Maintenance;
Criminal Procedure Code;
Limitation;
Bar to Relief;
Advantage;
Hindu Adoptions and Maintenance Act, 1956 - Section 18;
Muslim Marriage;
Significant Features;
Other Types of Marriage;
Status;
Prohibitions;
Call for Reforms;
Suggestions;
Nikah Namah;
Punishment;
The Dissolution of Muslim Marriages Act, 1939;
Preamble;
Inadequacy of 1939 Law;
Challenges for Muslim Women;
Comments;
Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986;
Comments;
Imrat-e-Shariah;
Child Custody;
Relevance;
Need;
The Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956;
Family Courts;
Family Court Act, 1984;
Special Features;
Association of Social Welfare Agencies, Etc. - Section 5;
Criticism/Inadequacies;
Sex Determination;
Female Foeticide;
The Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1972 (in short MTP Act);
Abortion Allowed Where;
Pre-natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994;
Maternity Benefits;
Maternity Benefit Act, 1961;
Preamble;
Sexual Harassment at Work Place;
What is it?;
Other Forms;
Reasons;
Offences under Indian Penal Code;
Vishaka Guidelines;
Sexual Harassment at Workplace Bill, 2010;
Preamble;
Comments;
Immoral Traffic;
Legal Status;
Comments;
Honour Killings;
Protection Homes;
National Widow Pension Scheme;
Rights of the Disabled;
Types of Disabilities;
Contemporary International Approach;
Mental Health Act, 1987;
The Rehabilitation Council of India Act, 1992;
The Persons with Disability (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995;
The National Trust for Welfare of Persons with Autism, Cerebral Palsy, Mental Retardation and Multiple Disabilities Act, 1999;
Inadequacies;
Challenges (1llustrative);
Illustrative Case Law;
Rights of Mentally Retarded;
Challenges;
Mentally Ill Deserve a Right to International Year of Disabled Persons 1981;
Mental Health Act, 1987;
Preamble;
Case Law;
Child Labour;
Actual Difficulties;
Sectors Involved;
Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 1986;
Twin Objective;
Employment Banned;
Section 4;
Challenges;
Right to Education;
Article 21A;
Definition;
Criticism;
Street Children;
Rights of Elderly;

QUESTION BANK;
Multiple Choice Questions;
Fill in the Gaps;
Fill in the Gaps;
True or False;
Match the Following;
Model Answers.