Table of contents
PART ONE: THE FORMATION OF THE MODERN STATE SYSTEM
The Ottoman Empire and its Legacy in the Middle East
Introduction
The Middle East in the Imperial Era
The Middle East's Religious and Imperial Heritage
The People of the Ottoman Empire
The Emergence of National Identities
The Legacy of Ottoman Rule in the Middle East
Ottoman Rule in the Middle East
The 'Tanzimat' Reforms and "Modernisation"
The Military and Political Authority
Europe and the Ottoman "Sick Man"
Conclusion
The Colonial Period in the Middle East
Introduction
The Dawn of European Colonialism in the Middle East
World War I and Turkey
The Arab Revolt and the Hussein-McMahon Correspondence
Balfour Declaration
Sykes-Picot Agreement
Versailles Treaty and the League of Nations Mandates
The Republic of Turkey
Colonies, Protectorates, and Client States
The Interplay of Ottoman and Colonial Legacies
Centralised Rule
New Elites and New Institutions
Control of the Religious Sphere
The Cultural Challenge
Dependency
Palestine and Israel
Zionism
The King-Crane Commission
The British White Papers and the Arab Revolt
British Colonialism in Iraq
Conclusion
Superpower Rivalry and the Cold War in the Middle East
Introduction
WWII and a New International Relations of the Middle East
The Establishment of Israel
The Cold War in the Middle East
Geopolitics and Cold War Allegiances in the Middle East
An Arab Cold War: Egypt and Saudi Arabia
The Lebanese Civil War
The Iran-Iraq War and Cold War Machinations
Conclusion
Nationalism, Islamism, and the Politics of Ideology
Introduction
Ideology and Politics in the Middle East
Nationalism
Middle Eastern Nationalisms
Political Islam
Islam as a Political Ideology in the Contemporary Middle East
Conclusion
PART TWO: POLITICAL DYNAMICS OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST
Authoritarianism in the Middle East
Introduction
Understanding Authoritarianism
Authoritarian Rule in the Middle East
Examples of Authoritarianism in the Middle East
Conclusion
Oil, Economy, and Development in the Middle East
Introduction
An Economic Overview of the Middle East
The Politics of Oil
Liberalisation and Reform
Conclusion
The Military, Security, and Politics in the Middle East
Introduction
The Military and Politics in the Middle East
The Middle East and the Nuclear Question
Terrorism and Political Violence in the Middle East
Conclusion
PART THREE: CONTINUING CRISES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
US Military Intervention in the Middle East
Introduction
US Intervention in Iraq
US Intervention in Afghanistan
Post-Iraq US Interventionism in the Middle East
Conclusion
Israel, the Palestinians, and the Peace Process
Introduction
The Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process
The Parameters of Negotiations
Competing Norms and Competing Narratives
The Israeli-US Relationship
Conclusion
Democratisation and the Arab Uprisings
Introduction
Understanding Democratisation in the Arab Middle East
Uprisings, War and Transition in the Arab World
The Arab Uprisings
Conclusion