Contents
I. Introduction;
A. Research Objective;
B. Hypothesis;
C. Guiding Questions 05
D. Chapterisation;
E. Methods Adopted;
II. From Morality to Law: The Prohibition against the Use of Force;
A. The Doctrine of Just War;
B. Legal Restraints on the Use of Force;
C. Covenant of the League of Nations;
D. Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928;
E. The UN Charter, 1945;
I. Dimensions of Article 2 (4);
F. Non-Use of Force as Customary International Law;
G. World Court and the Use of Force Jurisprudence;
H. Concluding Remarks;
III. The Self Defence Exception;
A. Self Defense under Customary International Law;
I. The Caroline Case;
II. Self Defense under the Covenant and the Pact;
B. Right of Self Defense and the UN Charter;
I. The Meaning of' Armed Attack;
II. The question of Anticipatory Self Defense;
III. Anticipatory Self Defense and the UN Charter;
IV. The Traveaux Preparatoires : Negotiating Background;
C. The Law of Self Defense and the Reality of State Practice;
I. The 1967 Israel Military Attack on Egypt;
II. The 1981 Israeli Attack on Iraqi Nuclear Site;
III. The 1986 US Bombing of Libya;
IV. The 1993 US Missile Strikes on Iraq;
V. The i998 Cruise Missile Attacks on Sudan and Afghanistan;
D. The 'War on Terrorism', Self Defense and the Implications of State Practice;
IV. Use of Force by the United Nations;
A. Maintenance of Peace: the Charter Paradigm;
B. Peaceful Settlement of Disputes;
C. Security Council and the Maintenance of Peace;
D. The Role of Security Council in the Post Cold War Era;
E. The Security Council and Economic Sanctions;
F. The Collective Use of Force by United Nations;
I. An Analysis of the Charter Provisions;
II. Security Council and Military Enforcement Action;
a) The Korean Crisis, 1951;
b) The Second Gulf War, 1991;
c) Inter-State nse of force since the Second Gulf War;
d) The Concept of Authorization ;
e) Demerits of the Current Authorization Method;
G. Concluding Remarks;
V. Recourse to Force: Regional Organizations & Recent Debates;
A. The Maintenance of World Peace and the Regional Organisations;
B. The Question of Humanitarian Intervention;
C. The Kosovo Crisis;
D. Sovereignty v. Human Rights: Recent Debates;
VI. The Legal Aspects of the Debate on the US Invasion of Iraq;
A. The politics of Iraq Invasion;
B. Motives behind the Invasion;
C. The National Security Debate in the US;
D. Doctrine of Preemptive Strike and International Law;
E. The Invasion of Iraq and International Law;
F. The Defense of Security Council Authorization;
G. Resolution 1441 and the Question of Authorization;
H. The Defense of Humanitarian Intervention;
VII. Conclusion;
VIII. Selected Bibliography;
A. Primary Sources;
I. International Covenants;
II. Security Council Reports/ Resolutions;
III. General Assembly Proceedings/ Resolutions;
B. Secondary Sources;
I. Articles;
II. Books;
III. Websites Accessed;
IV. Table of Cases;
IX. Annexes;
A. Treaty providing for the Renunciation of War as an Instrument of National Policy, 1928;
B. Unity for Peace Resolution, 1953;
C. US Senate Authorization for Use of Military Force against Iraq Resolution of 2002;
D. United Nations S/RES/1441 (2002).