Introduction -- Smith, Ricardo and the first rupture in economic thought -- Mill's concilation, Marx's transgression -- Political economy as history: Smith, Ricardo, Marx -- Not by theory alone: German historismus -- Marginalism and the Methodenstreit -- The Marshallian heritage -- British historical economics and the birth of economic history -- Thorstein Veblen: economics as a broad science -- Commons, Mitchell, Ayres and the fin de siecle of American institionalism -- In the slipstream of marginalism: Weber, Schumpeter and Sozialokonomik -- Positivism and the separation of economics from sociology -- From Menger to Hayek: the (re)making of the Austrian School -- From Keyes to general equilibrium: short- and long-run revolutions in economic theory -- Beyond the formalist revolution.