CONTENTS
Abbreviations;
List of Illustrations (Figures, Charts, Maps, Diagrams);
List of Tables;
Acknowledgements;
1. Introduction;
1.1. Conventional agricultural pumps and their use in India;
1.1.1. Government of Karnataka power subsidy bill;
1.1.2. Debt-burden of electricity DISCOMs;
2. Literature review;
2.1. Solar Irrigation Pumps (SIPs) – challenges and incentives;
2.2. State Governments‘ alternate subsidy designs;
2.3. Karnataka‘s Surya Raitha scheme;
2.4. Economic feasibility analysis of solar pumps;
2.5. Solar pumps and groundwater;
2.6. Summary and literature gap;
3. Problem definition, research questions and methodology;
3.1. Problem definition;
3.2. Research questions;
3.3. Data and methodology;
4. Solar energy and its application in agriculture;
4.1. Solar in India‘s energy mix;
4.2. Government support for financing solar projects;
4.3. Solar irrigation pumps;
4.3.1. Benefits of solar pumps over conventional pumps;
4.3.2. Subsidy for solar pumps;
5. Karnataka‘s Surya Raitha scheme;
5.1. Pilot Project in Haarobele village;
5.2. Farmers experience in Haarobele village;
6. Social Cost-Benefit Analysis of Surya Raitha scheme;
6.1. Social Cost-Benefit Analysis techniques;
6.2. Payback period calculation for the farmers;
6.3. Social Cost-Benefit Analysis for pilot project;
6.3.1. Initial capital investment;
6.3.2. Repair and maintenance cost of solar pumps Environmental cost of producing solar PV panels;
6.3.3. Rise in farm productivity;
6.3.4. Income from selling excess solar power to grid Salvage value of electric IP sets;
6.3.5. Eliminating repair and maintenance costs of electric IP sets Salvage value of solar pumps;
6.3.6. Savings in subsidy provided for energizing electric IP sets;
6.3.7. Removal of transmission and distribution losses;
6.3.8. Environmental gain - reduced carbon emissions;
6.9. Intangible benefits;
7. Results summary;
8. The cost of groundwater extraction;
8.1. Groundwater resource in India;
8.1.1. Assessment of groundwater resources;
8.1.2. Equity in groundwater use;
9. Findings and conclusion;
9.1. Policy recommendations;
References;
Appendix;
i. Questionnaire;
ii. Annual electricity generated by solar pumps in Haarobele.